What happens in the world «makes a difference» to God in that those events influence the quality of
the divine experience of the world.
Not exact matches
Ford speaks, it is true,
of a
divine «temporal freedom,» but this freedom wholly derives from the
divine nontemporal decision and thus amounts only to the temporal emergence
of a nontemporal freedom: «God's temporal freedom is exercised in his integrative and propositional activity, where he fits to each actual
world that gradation
of pure possibilities best suited to contribute to the maximum intensity and harmony
of his consequent physical
experience» (IPQ 13:376; my emphasis).
Yet through all these diversities
of phrasing — whether faith was thought
of as a power - releasing confidence in God, or as selfcommitment to Christ that brought the
divine Spirit into indwelling control
of one's life, or as the power by which we apprehend the eternal and invisible even while living in the
world of sense, or as the climactic vision
of Christ as the Son
of God which crowns our surrender to his attractiveness, or as assured conviction concerning great truths that underlie and constitute the gospel — always the enlargement and enrichment
of faith was opening new meanings in the
experience of fellowship with God and was influencing deeply both the idea and the practice
of prayer.
But since the
divine perfection involved having all possible value already actualized in the
divine experience, God had no need
of the
world for the perfection
of the
divine life.
The death
of God in Christ is an inevitable consequence
of the movement
of God into the
world,
of Spirit into flesh, and the actualization
of the death
of God in the totality
of experience is a decisive sign
of the continuing and forward movement
of the
divine process, as it continues to negate its particular and given expressions, by moving ever more fully into the depths
of the profane.
By treating these two facets
of God's nature in isolation Wieman loses the Whiteheadian vision
of a dynamic God who is intimately related to the
world, who is capable
of sharing in the
experience of the
world and responding to that
experience by adjusting the
divine role in each new entity's self - creation appropriately to the new situation.
If the young Blake delighted in greeting Satan as a redemptive figure, and an older Blake was overwhelmed and almost crushed by a realization
of the deeper consequences
of the
divine identity
of Satan, the regenerate Blake was finally able to name Satan as Jesus, thereby unveiling the redemptive goal
of the fallen
world of experience.
Although we have focused on Jesus»
divine status, for many people their
experience of him as Saviour is more significant The
World Council
of Churches in its basis, which has already been mentioned, says it is a «fellowship
of Churches which accept our Lord Jesus Christ as God and Saviour».
However much we recognize a profound ontological difference between elements
of the
world, including a fundamental difference between ourselves, many philosophers
of religion want to say that God knows and empathizes with human
experience in a way similar to
divine relativity for several reasons: omniscience, a resolution to theodicy, and ontological unity.
The Christian will affirm that at any given moment the natural
world as a whole is gathered into the
experience of a single ongoing Life, a
divine Self, who feels the whole, «declaring it good,» or at least potentially so, both in its particulars and in its complex unity.
It suggests that the whole
of nature is part
of the
divine self; it shows how the exploitation
of nature impoverishes the very richness
of divine experience; it encourages a respect for the intrinsic value
of individual organisms; and, in saying that God loves the
world as a self loves a body, it suggests that embodiedness itself is a good to be cherished rather than an evil to be avoided (McFague, 74).
This understanding
of God's relationship to the
world has been enormously influential in contemporary philosophy
of religion, especially since the publication in 1948
of The
Divine Relativity from which the above quotation was taken.2 Although the consistency
of divine relativity with the understanding
of simultaneity in modem physics is a recognized point
of contention, the question I wish to ask is whether the theory
of divine relativity is metaphysically possible.3 How could it be possible for God to know and feel the different
experiences of radically distinct subjects with equal vividness all at the same time?
God possesses not just our limited
experiences of joy; but has a
divine bliss, a real and existing joy independent
of the
world.
On the other hand, finding a unitary principle for the manifold
of discreet entities, which includes human
experience, is made problematic by a denial
of divine relativity because the relative nature
of God did at least that unify the
world into an ordered and organic whole.
How could the
divine mind, asked McCabe, bereft
of any
experience of contingency, sustain an intimate relationship with the contingent
world?
God has a
world, the beauty
of experiencing which contributes to the
divine life.
Another example was alluded to before: the fact that our
world seems to have taken shape over a period
of many billions
of years, rather than having been created in essentially its present form a few thousand years ago, provides evidence against the view that the creation
of our
world required omnipotent coercive power; this fact is much more consistent with the view that the
divine creative power is solely the power
of persuasion, the kind
of power we can
experience working in our own lives.
Also the
World is one as unified within the
divine experience, while God becomes many in respecting and preserving the manyness
of the
World.
For example, talk
of coming down from heaven may have been appropriate in a
world that conceived the
divine habitations as almost literally «above»; it will also be appropriate as a useful metaphorical way
of describing the presence among us
of that which (again in a symbolic sense) is higher than human
experience as such.
That not many others walk with him on this ridge is suggested by the fact that Karl Heim and Melville Channing - Pearce make use
of Buber's thought to point to the unqualified transcendence
of God, while J. B. Coates writes, «I find the
experience of Buber's «I - Thou»
world a convincing demonstration
of divine immanence»!
The whole
world is the field
of divine operation; so is human
experience and human history.
Thus God's particular
experiences of the
world are spatio - temporally localized with respect to their objective data, but they are trans - spatio - temporally unified within the eternity
of the one
divine concrescence.
Whitehead's
divine, enduring actuality is recurrently revising his ongoing
experience of the
world in response to the demand for personal, vital, concrete integrity.
Like any Whiteheadian actuality, the
divine actuality prehensively objectifies the concrete entities
of the
world and gathers them into its own concrete, immediate
experience.
If for every situation God nontemporally has its valuation, then it must also be true that God already has available the means
of synthesizing that past
world within the
divine experience.
Beginning with the
experience of Paul, the Christian view
of this
world which came to theological expression in the Reformers and which has now been revived with great power in the contemporary Protestant theology, has always shown a certain distrust
of identifying human efforts toward the good with the
divine work
of redemption on the ground that the good as man knows it and seeks it is really
of a different order from the good revealed in Christ.
The fall
of Adam and Eve, the covenants with Israel and its deliverance from bondage, its falling away and punishment through new sufferings, the speaking
of the
divine word through the prophets, the birth
of Christ in human flesh, the life and death
of Jesus, the
experience of the resurrection, and the history
of the Church, the expectation
of the final events and the established reign
of God in love and peace — all this is the Biblical understanding
of what God has done, is doing, and will continue to do for the judgment and redemption
of the
world.
For process theism, the
world ultimately has its significance because
of the way in which it enriches the
divine experience.
The enhancement
of the
divine life in its consequent aspect has opened up new possibilities
of relationship with the creation and has also provided new material through which God may act upon creative potentiality, thus bringing to pass that emergence
of novelty which is so genuine an element in our
experience and (as our observation informs us)
of the
world at large.
To the extent that God exercises such power, creaturely freedom is restricted, the reality
of the
world is diminished, and the
divine experience is impoverished.
In turn, every
experience of the
divine power in worship and empirical event sends us back to the weakness and defeat and suffering
of a
world still awaiting its participation in.
An alternative formulation is that the
world as a unity is explainable only by the divinely inclusive love that binds the many into a single cosmic structure; and, therefore, the
world of secular
experience is nonsense if God does not exist.79 Similarly, one neoclassical version
of the traditional teleological argument would be that the fact that the
world has any order at all is only to be explained by an eternal
divine Orderer, because apart from God it is impossible to understand why chaos and anarchy are not unlimited and supreme.80
The
world can speak only about its
experience and wisdom and limits and interpretation
of the
divine.
Because
of the intrinsic unity
of the
divine experience, all the finite actualities
of the
world must be felt together in their measure
of harmony and discord.
The character
of the
world is influenced by God, but it is not determined by him, and the
world in its turn contributes novelty and richness to the
divine experience.»
Such
experiences were commonly interpreted as evidence
of divine disfavor,
of being cut off from healthy relationship to others and the
world, as reasons to hang one's head or to seek refuge from the living God.
The process - relational model
of God as the most extensive exemplification
of primordial creativity, with every worldly occasion in its own process
of becoming; the process - relational concept
of God as the principle
of order channeling the
world's becoming toward ever richer and more harmonious
experience (the primordial nature); and the process - relational concept
of God's preservation
of every worldly occasion in God's own everlasting becoming (the consequent nature), with each such occasion evaluated and positioned for its greatest possible contribution to the
divine life — these perspectives on
divine reality which process - relational thought claims to find exemplified in the very nature
of things are separately and together congruent with and supportive
of the biblical images and events which describe the «already» in inaugurated eschatology.»
God, so understood, is not only the chief causative principle, although He is not by any means the only such principle (since there is freedom
of decision throughout the
world - order); He is also the supreme affective reality, because what happens in the
world, by precisely such free decision and its results, makes a difference to and (if we may put it so) contributes to the
divine principle in providing further opportunities for advance as well as in enriching the
experience of the
divine itself or himself.
Such «religious intuitions» are the «somewhat exceptional elements
of our conscious
experience» that Whitehead seeks to elucidate as evidence for God's consequent
experience of the
world.9 Only a living person
experiencing a whole series
of divine aims, sensitive to the way in which these shift, grow, and develop in response to our changing circumstances can become aware
of their source as dynamic and personal, meeting our needs and concerns.10 Jesus, full
of the Spirit, knew God personally in this intimate way, until these aims were taken from him in the hour
of his deepest need, when he
experienced being forsaken by God on the cross.
The only basis upon which knowledge
of that
divine nature may be founded is the order
of the
experienced world.
The second argument, which is advanced by all
of the previously mentioned critics, is similar to the first, but it concerns God's fulfillment
of the
divine experience rather than God's fulfillment
of the
world.
The
divine Eros draws the
world to greater richness
of experience as each individual entity responds to possibilities for itself.
Something happens to the life
of God as God saves the
world in the
divine experience.
God's
experience of the
world is Whitehead's doctrine
of the consequent nature
of God — the
divine Passion.
The
divine experience, therefore, perfectly reflects the net balance
of happiness over suffering in the
world.
As the occasions
of the
world - process (including those
of our own
experience) appropriate the power
of a
divine ordering principle and ground
of novelty at the primary pole
of perception, they are not forced into a deterministic response to God's influence.
Von Rad (1972) has rightly summed up the situation as he says, «the
experiences of the
world were for Israel always divine experiences as well, and the experiences of God were for her experiences of the World» xx
world were for Israel always
divine experiences as well, and the
experiences of God were for her
experiences of the
World» xx
World» xxviii.
For if in all the good realities
of the
world of nature,
of history, and
of human
experience, the
divine Word expresses himself, the whole
of it may be regarded as preparation for Christ: it is a praeparatio evangelica.
The New Testament proclaims that no matter how evil the sin, God stands ready to receive the sinner and to forgive the sin, He stands ready to receive into his own being all the evil
of the
world to bring about its transformation, and this
experience of evil is the
divine suffering epitomized by the crucifixion.
Unfold the layers
of the
divine science
of yoga in the
world yoga capital, Rishikesh, India and, lead towards a life - transforming
experience.