We also used to see vast schools of spiny
dogfish sharks in the San Juan Islands.
In addition to encountering over 50 percent of all the other tagged sand tiger sharks on the East Coast, the sand tigers came in contact with Atlantic sturgeons, white sharks, sand bar and
spiny dogfish sharks, and even southern species like the lemon shark and bull shark.
He discovered it
in dogfish sharks in 1993 and synthesized it in 1995 in a process that does not involve use of any natural shark tissue.
For example, the fishermen say there is a bumper crop
of dogfish shark, which strip their hooks and gobble up groundfish.
This water smelled strongly of squid, something
smooth dogfish love to eat.
Unfortunately,
as dogfish numbers have boomed in recent years, international markets have slumped, owing to a rebounding Northeast Atlantic cod fishery and changing tastes.
There's little data on mercury levels in
dogfish specifically, but the data that does exist seems to indicate that officials need to proceed with caution.
If the breaded fish fillet is made
from dogfish, though, that health advice is inaccurate, says Andrew Smith, Maine's state toxicologist.
pregnant and nursing women, women who may get pregnant and children younger than 8 to
avoid dogfish.
Several studies have found individual
dogfish specimens with mercury concentrations exceeding the FDA action level for mercury in seafood — the level at which the FDA would consider removing the product from the market.
Dogfish has never been a popular food choice among American anglers; if not handled properly, the flesh has a foul taste
because dogfish essentially urinate into their own flesh.
Scientists
placed dogfish sharks into water treated with levels of carbon that are expected by mid century and by 2100.
But proponents of
serving dogfish in school lunchrooms, food kitchens, prisons and disaster shelters seem to have missed the simple fact that the mercury levels in the fish mean that serving it to these populations could be a risky move.
Although there is no «safe» threshold for mercury in seafood, looking at the relative concentrations of mercury puts the risks associated
with dogfish into perspective.
Search beneath the waves of Nantucket Sound for fascinating marine life
including dogfish sharks, black sea bass, scup, spider crabs, squid, calico crabs, pipefish, and glowing comb jellyfish.
If it gets approved,
dogfish filets, nuggets and tacos would make their way to government programs across the country.
He hasn't
added dogfish to the regular menu yet, but he says if he does, he'll likely offer it as fish nuggets, use it in fish tacos or simply prepare it like the redfish he already serves.
The rest of the population should eat no more than two
dogfish meals per month, the advice says.
New England fishermen have
hated dogfish for a long time, and there has never been a significant domestic market for the species.
Back at Portland Public Schools, the kitchen's local fish vendor recently sent a sample of
dogfish fillets to the school.
In the mid-20th century,
dogfish gained some goodwill as European demand drove up New England exports.
The FDA's data place the mercury concentration in
dogfish above 0.50.
Other studies place mercury levels in spiny
dogfish somewhere between canned albacore tuna on the low end and Spanish mackerel, swordfish, bluefish and orange roughy on the high end.
So even
if dogfish poses no more risk than canned albacore, it is, at the very least, a species of concern for a food being considered for the National School Lunch Program.
But while New England lawmakers have been advocating
more dogfish consumption, some of their states» own departments of health have been advising against it.
Women of childbearing age and children would be advised to
forgo dogfish altogether.
Last spring, 19 members of Congress from the Northeast wrote to the U.S. Department of Agriculture [pdf] asking the agency to buy Atlantic spiny
dogfish under the Section 32 program, which buys surplus food and then makes it available to the National School Lunch Program and other federal programs.
In petitioning the USDA, industry leaders advocated just such an approach, saying, «
Breaded dogfish sticks are ideal for use in domestic food assistance programs.»
Fish behaviorist David Sims and ecologist Emily Southall videotaped feeding juvenile
spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula).
Much more important were foodfalls of other dead fish and animals, which provided as much as 70 per cent of the stomach contents in some fish, particularly sea sharks such as
Portuguese dogfish and blackmouth catfish.
This is a
small dogfish sculpture made from tinted vitreous china In the Kohler Factory Pottery in Wisconsin.
At least one study found
spiny dogfish had a mean mercury concentration twice that of canned albacore tuna.
Maine, for instance, advises pregnant and nursing women, women who may get pregnant and children younger than 8 to
avoid dogfish.
Federal guidelines don't
mention dogfish specifically, but the first of only three recommendations in the current FDA - EPA advice for women of reproductive age and young children is, «Do not eat shark, swordfish, king mackerel or tilefish.»
His data, which will appear in a forthcoming article in Marine Environmental Research, suggest that species
of dogfish, as well as age and size, can have a significant effect on mercury concentrations.
Researchers at Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory in Bar Harbor may have discovered how a drug derived from a molecule found in
dogfish sharks could someday help people recover from heart attacks and heart disease.
3 pounds of mixed fresh fish (red mullet, angler fish,
dogfish, drumfish, etc — things that are inexpensive and fresh)
The FDA Monitoring Program data set, which includes only 19 spiny
dogfish specimens, puts the average mercury concentration in dogfish over 0.5 parts per million — high enough to result in an advisory for women of reproductive age and children in many states.
For the closely related smooth
dogfish, that figure was 90 percent — a relevant statistic since sometimes different dogfish species are caught and sold generically as dogfish in areas where the species's ranges overlap.
While
the dogfish samples were not differentiated from the redfish to allow for a formal taste test — students commonly are asked to weigh in on new foods with smiley - or sad - faced ballots — Adams, the director of food services, says he didn't hear anything negative.
That's because
the dogfish, a type of shark, sits high in the ocean food chain and therefore accumulates mercury from the smaller fish it eats.
New England now finds itself with a glut of
dogfish and few willing buyers, and at the same time, catch limits on other species are being drastically tightened.
New York Times articles penned more than a century ago bemoan
the dogfish as «cussed,» «ferocious» and so thick «it's good - bye fishin».»
It's estimated there are 23 times as many
dogfish as cod in the Gulf of Maine right now, but dogfish earn only a fraction of cod's price.