At present, an EU
domiciled defendant can only be joined as a co-defendant to English proceedings where an English - domiciled anchor defendant has been sued here: see Article 8 (1) of the Recast.
Inspiration is found especially in Erste Group Bank [2015] EWCA Civ 379, a case in which forum non conveniens was applied even against an England -
domiciled defendant because there had already been submission to Russian jurisdiction.
Not exact matches
-- that regulation does not preclude the application of a provision of national procedural law of a Member State which, with a view to avoiding situations of denial of justice, enables proceedings to be brought against, and in the absence of, a person whose
domicile is unknown, if the court seised of the matter is satisfied, before giving a ruling in those proceedings, that all investigations required by the principles of diligence and good faith have been undertaken with a view to tracing the
defendant.
Having re-established that the centre of interests is a possible place of jurisdiction, without addressing the other potential places of jurisdiction (namely the
domicile of the
defendant and all other Member States where the infringing material was accessible — admittedly, this was not the subject of the preliminary reference), the Court addresses the question of where the centre of interest of a legal person is located.
In a useful reminder for parties who might not otherwise consider themselves to be subject to English jurisdiction, in the recent case of Bestolov v Povarenkin, the High Court confirmed that, where a
defendant is
domiciled in England, the courts of this country have jurisdiction and moreover no discretion to decline jurisdiction.
At first sight, this seems at odds with the restrictive interpretation that should be given to any deviation from the principle rule laid down in Article 2 Brussels I Regulation:
defendants should as a rule be sued for the Courts in the Member State in which they are
domiciled.
«The basic principles by which the Regulation allocates jurisdiction, giving priority (subject to exceptions) to the
domicile of the
defendant, are entirely unsuited to arbitration, in which the situs and governing law are generally chosen by the parties on grounds of neutrality, availability of legal services and the unobtrusive effectiveness of the supervisory jurisdiction.
Would the
defendants»
domicile (s) play into it in the absence of evidence of where the crime took place?
Derogations, including art 5.3, from the general rule under art 2 which confers jurisdiction on the courts of the
defendant's
domicile must be restrictively interpreted to achieve this aim.
Since Art 23 was a provision that allowed a
defendant to be sued in a member state other than that of his
domicile, the
defendants placed particular reliance on the second of those principles of interpretation.
The Brussels I Regulation (recast) foresees as its general rule of jurisdiction that a
defendant should be sued in the courts of the Member state where he is
domiciled (Article 4 (1)-RRB-.
As stated in Briggs and Rees Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (2005) 4th edition at paras 2.02 to 2.07 & 2.105: (i) The fundamental rule was that if a case fell within the Brussels Regulation, the Regulation alone allocated jurisdiction over the
defendant; (ii) There were three overriding principles of interpretation: (i) the wording of the regulation should so far as possible be given a meaning which was common and uniform across the various member states; (ii) provisions which allowed a
defendant to be sued against his will in a member state other than his
domicile were to be construed narrowly; (iii) the risk of inconsistent decisions should be kept to a minimum.
As a general rule, under article 68 (1) of the Québec Code of Civil Procedure («C.C.P»), a personal action must be instituted before the competent court of the
defendant's real or elected
domicile.
For civil lawsuit, if the civil lawsuit brought against a citizen shall be under the jurisdictionof the people's court located in the place where the
defendant has hisdomicile, if the
defendant's
domicile is different from his habitual residence, the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court located inthe place of his habitual residence.
Accordingly if the
defendant is a Chinesecitizen and has a
domicile in China, the people's court in the place of hisdomicile has the jurisdiction of the case.
Because the accident occurred outside the jurisdiction, and the
defendant was
domiciled outside the jurisdiction, the only basis upon which the claimant could argue for service out of the jurisdiction was that the damage was sustained within the jurisdiction (CPR 6.20 (8)(a)-RRB-.
The English Court will automatically have jurisdiction over a
defendant who is
domiciled outside the European Union if the
defendant can be served with the claim form while in England.
Under the Recast Brussels Regulation, the English Courts will have jurisdiction to determine a dispute involving a
defendant that is
domiciled in another European Union member state in certain defined circumstances.
If a dispute involves a number of
defendants based in different European Union member states, the English Court will have jurisdiction to determine the matter against all
defendants if (a) one
defendant is
domiciled in England and (b) the claims against the various
defendants are so closely connected that it is expedient to hear them together to avoid the risk of irreconcilable judgments.
We note that this will also be the case even if neither the claimant nor the
defendant is
domiciled in this jurisdiction.
Lord Sumption also drew an analogy between this position and that under EU law involving a
defendant domiciled in the EU.
Defendants with a mere (including fleeting) presence in the jurisdiction would be liable to be served here, even if
domiciled elsewhere.
as an alternative to jurisdiction based on the
defendant's
domicile.
In Universal v Schilling (Case C - 12 / 15), published last week, the court ruled that jurisdiction belongs to the member state in which the
defendant is
domiciled, as a general rule.
First
defendant is clearly
domiciled in the UK and the Brussels I Regulation clearly applies to it.
Somewhat exceptionally, worldwide freezing order relief was granted in Republic of Haiti v Duvalier [1989] 1 All ER 456, [1989] 2 WLR 261, a case in which the
defendants neither were
domiciled nor had assets in England.
Subject to the claimant's
domicile and financial status, as well as the amount of the freezing order, the undertaking may need to be fortified by a bank guarantee (see Al - Rawas v Pegasus Energy Ltd and others [2007] EWHC 2427 (QB), [2007] All ER (D) 329 (Oct) where damages were awarded to a
defendant after freezing / search and seizure orders were set aside).
If Mr Abramovich was
domiciled in England when served, Yugraneft would be able to rely on an European Court of Justice (ECJ) judgment to the effect that if a
defendant is
domiciled in a member state of the EU the court has no power to stay proceedings against him on the grounds that there is an alternative more appropriate forum for the trial of the action.
Such an order is most likely to be made in cases where the
defendant is amenable to the in personam jurisdiction of the English court — such as where the
defendant is
domiciled in England (see Credit Suisse Fides Trust SA v Cuoghi [1997] 3 All ER 724, [1997] 3 WLR 871).
Uncertainty In the light of the Owusu v Jackson decision an enormous amount can turn on the
defendant's place of
domicile.
At para. 90 of Van Breda, LeBel J. established four presumptive connecting factors («PCFs»), any one of which would, if present, entitle a provincial superior court to take jurisdiction over a legal dispute in tort law: (1) the
defendant is
domiciled or resident in the province; (2) the
defendant carries on business in the province; (3) the tort was committed in the province; or (4) a contract connected with the dispute was made in the province.
Damages Dating Violence Decision Declaratory Statute Decree Decree of Adoption De Facto Defamation Default Judgment Defeasance
Defendant De Jure Delinquency Demurrer De Novo Dependent Deposition Descendants Dictum Direct Examination Directed Verdict Discovery Disinheritance Dismissal Disposable Income Dissenting Opinion Dissipation of Assets Dissolution Divorce Divorce A Mensa Et Thoro Divorce A Vinculo Matrimonii Docket Doli Incapax DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act of 1996) Domestic Partners Domestic Relations Court Domestic Relations Order
Domicile Donatio Mortis Causa Dower DPPA (Deadbeat Parents Punishment Act) Due Process Duty of Support