The skin is thickest on the forehead, dorsal neck,
dorsal thorax, rump, and base of the tail.
Salvia pratensis flower visited by B. terrestris with
the dorsal thorax touching the pollen - sacs (see arrow)(A) and the stigma (see arrow)(B), B. terrestris under UV - illumination with luminous pigment on the thorax deposited by the pollen - sacs (C) and the stigma (D) of Salvia pratensis, and on the head deposited by the pollen - sacs (E) and the stigma (F) of S. officinalis.
Similar safe sites have been observed on Xylocopa sp. (
dorsal thorax)[26], Megachile ericetorum (
dorsal thorax)[48] and Euglossa imperialis (anterior face and between thorax and abdomen)[42](S6 Table).
B. terrestris: overall view with arrow - shaped safe site on the thorax (A), safe site above the insertion of antennae on the head (B),
dorsal thorax (triangular)(C, D), waist (E), abdomen (F, G), and ventral abdomen (H), A. mellifera: overall view with broad safe site on the thorax and narrow safe site on the abdomen (I), safe site between the eyes (J),
dorsal thorax (K), waist (L), and abdomen (M), as well as ventral abdomen (N),
dorsal thorax and abdominal safe site under full spectrum illumination (O) and UV - illumination (P).
Not exact matches
This is a skeleton of a juvenile specimen of an Asian elephant with a stiff vertebral column, due to the long
thorax with many ribs, the short lumbar ribless region (behind the
thorax) and the
dorsal spines that are all backward pointing.
The largest amount of pollen was found on the waist, followed by the
dorsal areas of
thorax and abdomen.
The safe sites comprised 24.5 % of the
dorsal projection of the body in B. terrestris (caput: 13.4 %,
thorax: 20.8 %, abdomen: 30.2 %) and 23.5 % in A. mellifera (caput: 9.7 %,
thorax: 41.0 %, abdomen: 21.1 %)(S1 Table).
Field observations of flower - visiting bees (Apis mellifera, different species of Bombus and other genera) at mainly species of Orobanchaceae and Fabaceae have demonstrated that after pollen accumulation on the bees» bodies by the pollen - sacs) and subsequent grooming, residual patches of pollen patches remain in specific areas of the bees» body, mainly on the
dorsal and ventral midline of the head,
thorax and abdomen [31 — 42].
With their middle legs, the bees cleaned the
dorsal and lateral
thorax, except the
dorsal area between the tegulae (insertions of wings) in Bombus terrestris and a large area right behind the head in Apis mellifera.
Other safe sites were similar to B. terrestris between the
thorax and abdomen, mainly the middle area of
dorsal abdomen, and only few pollen grains were found on the legs and the ventral side (here mainly on the abdomen near the
thorax side)(Fig 1I — 1N, S2 Video).
They were on the head between the antennae and on the
dorsal side of the
thorax (but mirror - inverted, mainly at the caput - facing end, running as a stripe towards the tegulae and tapering towards the abdomen).