Sentences with phrase «drifting buoy»

They find that, with an enlarged data set that has corrections for bias between drifting buoy data and data taken from ship intakes, as well as extended corrections for water cooling in buckets in the time between being drawn from the sea and being measured, there is a statistically significant warming trend of 0.086 °C per decade over the 1998 - 2012 period.

Perovich's summary of drifting buoy observations indicates that melt is somewhat lagging in the interior Arctic, with the North Pole buoy still reporting 0.4 m of snow on the surface.

Field observations and a drifting buoy tracking through the region also reveal that widespread refreezing of surface ice meltwater as it comes into contact with colder, more saline seawater, has added ice layers to the bottom of floes, slowing down thinning and melt of the ice cover.

This is due to correlations in the errors between grid boxes visited by the same ship or drifting buoy.

updated dataset of drifting buoy velocities (1993 - 2012) and carefully preprocessed to take into account drogue loss and corrected for wind

These sources of information include moored buoys, drifting buoys, tide - gage stations, satellite data relay, and volunteer observing ships.

The U.S. National Science Foundation has funded an observatory since 2000 that makes yearly observations at fixed locations and installs 10 to 15 drifting buoys.

In other words, are the temperature gradients between closely spaced collection points small enough to make milli - degree / year trend lines based on data collected from randomly drifting buoys meaningful?

to stop the regressions giving an overly great weight to a particular location where, for example, someone just tossed in 20 drifting buoys.

The models assimilate inputs from weather stations, drifting buoys, radiosondes, aircraft, vessels and since the 1970s, high coverage infra - red and microwave satellite based sensors.

Thickness surveys and drifting buoys that are part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) suggest that much of the growth of first - year sea ice in the Pacific sector approaches an end - of - season thickness of around 1.7 m, independent of the starting time of freeze - up in the fall (H. Eicken, personal communication).

Cumulative ice motions for April — July 2008 derived from drift buoys indicate the overall transport of ice out of the Beaufort Sea around the Beaufort Gyre to the central Arctic was actually much stronger than in 2007, but it appears to be converging (motion is slowing) over the Amundsen and Nansen Basins.

(After 1970, temperatures were also measured using moored and drifting buoys and, from the early 1980s, using satellites.)

How we know the air temperature at the North Pole: The National Science Foundation supported North Pole Environmental Observatory (NPEO) regularly deploys surface drifting buoys of the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) in the North Pole region.

«For example, the gradual shift since the 1970s from (warm - biased) ship - based measurements to (cold - biased) drifting buoys has probably led to a slight underestimate of SST warming, says Richard Reynolds of NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina.»

They also incorporate a new adjustment for drifting buoys, which become very dominant in recent years and which are believed to run slightly «cold» relative engine inlets — and merits attention just as much as the changeover from buckets.

Could hull sensors and drifting buoys offset changeover from insulated buckets to engine inlets?

Not exact matches

Leading 2 - 0 at half - time, Arsenal could have played quite conservatively in the second half and just let the game drift away, but they seemed buoyed by news of Ludogorets leading in Paris and seemed determined to kill the game off against Basel as soon as possible, as that would put more pressure on the Parisians if PSG got wind of the fact that Arsenal were in no danger of dropping points.

The SRB buoy was set up on an ice floe near the North Pole, and was left to eventually drift southwards with the ice.

Olson says Gray himself had worked on methods to calculate wind and drift direction from buoys and other sensor data: «He collaborated with people on satellite image data capture and analysis and sea surface data capture and analysis, and these people now are using their professional skills in the search.»

Next to the turtles, Mansfield deployed small, carefully - weighted / passively - drifting surface buoys that were also tracked by satellite.

Juha Karvonen, tel. [phone] J. Karvonen: Virtual radar ice buoys — a method for measuring fine - scale sea ice drift, The Cryosphere, 10, 29 - 42, 2016, doi: 10.5194 / tc -10-29-2016, http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/29/2016/

The smell of the sea is strong; the muffled sounds of ships» horns and buoys drift in from the harbor.

Since 1979, we have had a network of buoys that drift with the sea ice cover.

Re # 282 Wayne has said that the flow has been different this year, the buoys program shows a strong trans polar drift but the gyre seems rather weak.

In addition to the ship SST bias adjustment, the drifting and moored buoy SSTs in ERSST.v4 are adjusted toward ship SSTs, which was not done in ERSST.v3b.

This is a series of several thousand free floating «smart» buoys that drift with the currents around the world's oceans.

Web camera buoy image from the North Pole Environmental Observatory Automated Drifting Station, 13 August 2008, at 83.13 ° N, 1.7 ° E (Tair = -0.2 °C, SLP = 1000.9 mb).

The June outlook reflects the fact that winds during the last two weeks have reversed the flow of the buoys and sea ice in the Beaufort Gyre and Transpolar Drift Stream, slowing export and sequestering sea ice in the Arctic.

Rigor et al. (Polar Science Center, University of Washington); 5.4 Million Square Kilometers; Heuristic This estimate is based on the prior winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) conditions, and the spatial distribution of the sea ice of different ages as estimated from a Drift - age Model (DM), which combines buoy drift and retrievals of sea ice drift from satellites (Rigor and Wallace, 2004, updaDrift - age Model (DM), which combines buoy drift and retrievals of sea ice drift from satellites (Rigor and Wallace, 2004, updadrift and retrievals of sea ice drift from satellites (Rigor and Wallace, 2004, updadrift from satellites (Rigor and Wallace, 2004, updated).

Map of buoys drifting on the Arctic Ocean.

A study using data from Polar drifting ice buoys showed that near surface air temperatures over the pack ice are relatively homogenous, with a CLS (correlation length scale) of 900-1000 km, see (Rigor 2000).

Figure 4 shows the present (13 August 2008) surface condition as evidenced by the web camera image from the NPEO Automated Drifting Station, the location of the ice - mass - balance buoy installation nearest Fram Strait.

This is particularly important because much of the sea surface is now sampled by both observing systems, and surface - drifting and moored buoys have increased the overall global coverage by up to 15 % (supplementary materials).

Buoys provide key observations for mapping and attributing summer ice loss: drift, bottom vs. top melt, amount of snow accumulation, nature of ponds (even if anecdotal from web cams), and thickness of level ice.

Method: Based on a buoy drift model that estimates the age of sea ice, QuikSCAT retrievals of ice age classes, and the survival rates of each age class.

Rigor estimates, based on buoy drift and modeling, that for March sea ice area, 65 % was multiyear before 1990, but multiyear made up only 40 % in March 2007 and 27 % in March 2008.

Sea ice age for September 2009 and buoy drift as contributed by I. Rigor.

Here, considerable value can be derived from ship - based observations, aerial overflights, and drifting (mass - balance) buoys that provide a more accurate picture of the distribution of different ice types.

Only a detailed analysis of buoy data and field observations will help resolve this question, but an ice mass balance buoy placed on 1.4 meter thick first - year ice north of Barrow in April has managed to survive into the late melt season, drifting 1,000 kilometers to the North over the course of the summer.

I forgot to include the link for the sea ice age and buoy drift animation I referred to above.

Sea surface temperatures, for instance, were at different periods collected by bucket from a ship's deck, by readings aboard surface drifting and moored buoys or by engine - intake thermometers in ships» engine rooms, and there could be subtle differences not accounted for.

In this connection, perhaps the most significant NPEO buoy result (see the NPEO 2015 Data Buoy Drift Map tab) is that the NPEO buoys deployed near the North Pole in April are already (on 1/1/2016) south of 76 ° N in the Greenland buoy result (see the NPEO 2015 Data Buoy Drift Map tab) is that the NPEO buoys deployed near the North Pole in April are already (on 1/1/2016) south of 76 ° N in the Greenland Buoy Drift Map tab) is that the NPEO buoys deployed near the North Pole in April are already (on 1/1/2016) south of 76 ° N in the Greenland Sea.

NPEO was first established in 2000 and includes an automated drifting station of buoys fixed to the sea ice, an ocean mooring, and airborne hydrographic surveys.

On present evidence, the «changes» at depths (say 300 — 700 meters) are indistinguishable from the effects of drift of the buoys, a point I attribute to a post by Willis Eschenbach at WUWT.

Using data gathered from buoys, drifting weather stations, and field campaigns, the study authors discovered that the number of winter warming events in the North Pole more than doubled since 1980.

Map of buoys drifting on the Arctic Ocean on 16 August 2010.