Sentences with phrase «driven by mutations»

They are driven by mutations in the hemopoietic stem cell, most notably JAK2 (V617F), CALR, and MPL.

About a third of all human cancers are driven by mutations in RAS genes.

Approximately 50 percent of melanoma tumors are driven by mutations in the BRAF gene, and patients with these tumors are prescribed BRAF inhibitors.

A few years ago, Jihye Yun, then a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that colon cancer cells whose growth is driven by mutations in the gene KRAS or a less commonly mutated gene, BRAF, make unusually large amounts of a protein that transports glucose across the cell membrane.

According to the National Cancer Institute, more than a third of all human cancers, including a high percentage of pancreas, lung and colon cancers are driven by mutations in a family of genes known as Ras.

Between 10 and 30 percent of NSCLC cases are driven by mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene.

Since around half the cases of malignant melanoma are driven by mutation in the BRAF gene, the team focused on combinations that might address intrinsic resistance to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.

Not exact matches

There is just evolution; genetic mutations driven by natural selection.

If evolution is driven by random mutations, we can not be part of a divine plan.

Evolution in a pure Darwinian world has no goal or purpose: the exclusive driving force is random mutations sorted out by natural selection from one generation to the next.»

Maley notes that influences from the environment may drive convergent evolution but that identical mutations can also arise through pure coincidence, simply by virtue of the enormous numbers involved.

They conclude that the sperm made by these cells contained the disease - linked mutations and that the mutations may be driving the growth of the tumours (Nature Genetics, DOI: 10.1038 / ng.470).

Approximately 50 percent of advanced melanoma tumors are driven to grow by the presence of BRAF mutations and another 20 percent by the presence of NRAS mutations.

Excess expression of the sugar is caused by the same mutation that drives the growth of most DIPG tumors, known as the H3K27M mutation, the team found.

The prevailing theory of cancer progression — that it's driven by the accumulation of genetic mutations that increase tumorigenic «fitness» — holds true for the early stages of cancer progression, but metastases seem to find new ways to increase their fitness, McDonald said.

They concluded that the sperm made by these cells contained the disease - containing mutations and that the mutations may be driving the growth of the tumours.

Hockemeyer and his UC Berkeley colleagues, in collaboration with dermatopathologist Boris Bastian and his colleagues at UCSF, found that immortalization is a two - step process, driven initially by a mutation that turns telomerase on, but at a very low level.

Blocking the function of the Ras oncogenes is considered by many scientists to be the «holy grail» of cancer therapeutics because mutations in these genes drive the growth of so many different types of cancers.

By using reference data from the 1000 Genomes Project, the research team provided evolutionary evidence that the vegetarian diet, over many generations, may have driven the higher frequency of a mutation in the Indian population.

Leukemia - associated mutations drive cell growth by creating a powerful transcriptional enhancer upstream of an oncogene.

Building on research recently published in Cell Reports, the researchers identified new mutations that appeared to be driving the strong drug resistance exhibited by these tumors.

«In our studies we avoided the problem of unreliable lab tests by tracking the origin and development of cancer - driving mutations in MDS patients,» says Professor Jacobsen, who also holds a guest professorship at the Karolinska Institutet.

Tumor recurrence was faster and more likely among African American patients, particularly for basal subtype tumors or those driven by the TP53 mutation.

The boost in genetic information may have given the paramecium a survival advantage by allowing for more beneficial mutations, which drive evolution.

And the technique will benefit not just cancer research but research into every disease driven by gene mutations, from cystic fibrosis to Alzheimer's disease — ultimately enabling customized treatments for patients in a way never before possible.

It's an all - or - none kind of pattern: A family with three daughters who all have ovarian cancer is more likely to be driven by inherited X mutations than by BRCA mutations.»

Combining iPSC lines, and bone cancer driven by p53 mutations in LFS patients, the research team revealed for the first time that the LFS bone cancer results from an overactive p53 gene.

Common forms of osteosarcoma, driven by somatic versus inherited mutations, have also been closely linked by past studies to p53 when mutations interfere with its function.

«The work has implications for the future treatment or prevention of LFS - associated osteosarcoma, and possibly for all forms of bone cancer driven by p53 mutations, with H19 and p53 established now as potential targets for future drugs.»

Complete genome sequencing is required to identify fitness advantages conferred by genes and how antigenic drift in HA / NA drive mutations throughout the genome.

Dr. Mercer will be introducing technologies to inStem developed by Dr. Spudich's lab at Stanford for studying mutations in the molecular motors that drive the human heartbeat.

Over-activity of this pathway, often driven by distinct gene mutations, causes or contributes to many human cancers.

The p21waf1 / cip1 promoter — driven luciferase reporters (pGL3 derivatives) containing point mutations in six Sp1 elements, (Mut1) p21 - Luc, (Mut2) p21 - Luc, (Mut3) p21 - Luc, (Mut4) p21 - Luc, and (Mut5 / 6) p21 - Luc and the parental wild - type reporter, (Wt) p21 - Luc, were kindly provided by Dr. D. Kardassis (Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; ref.

RNA - guided gene drives could also cause a population crash due to the buildup of recessive mutations causing infertility or inviability or by biasing the sex ratio.

Refining Dynamic Risk Stratification and Prognostic Groups for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With TERT Promoter Mutations JCEM February 28, 2017 Tae Hyuk Kim, Chang - Seok Ki, Hye Seung Kim, Kyunga Kim, Jun - Ho Choe, Jung - Han Kim, Jee Soo Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Soo Yeon Hahn, Jung Hee Shin, Hye Won Jang, Sun Wook Kim, and Jae Hoon Chung Telomere reverse transcription (TERT) activation, one of the hallmarks of cancer, enables unlimited proliferation and is driven by oncogenes...

«Why is this, when, at least to a first approximation, they're driven by the same oncogenic mutations?»

In this search we are guided by the mutations that drive clonal expansion in normal human skin.

4/7/2008 From Bench to Bedside in One Year: Stem Cell Research Leads to Potential New Therapy for Rare Blood Disorder A unique partnership between industry and academia has led to human clinical trials of a new drug for a rare class of blood diseases called myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), which are all driven by the same genetic mutation and can evolve into leuk... More...

They're actually picked as defects in heart development and those very often spontaneously go away, so they're probably driven by growth factors that are present at that time of development of the heart and in combination with mutations in fact, in cases of familial hematoma syndrome, but they almost invariably self resolve.

Moreover, many human tumors have highly abnormal numbers of chromosomes (that is, they are aneuploid), with initial chromosomal loss participating in the early steps of the transformation cascade in inherited cancers caused by heterozygous mutation in tumor suppressor genes and the more widespread aneuploidy characteristic of advance tumors thought to drive acquisition of malignant growth properties.??

If microcephaly was being driven by some particularly nasty mutation, the cases would be more clustered together (on the tree, if not necessarily in space and time).

First, we used the transcriptome dataset and estimated the proportion of nonsynonymous mutations driven to fixation by positive selection (α) using the method of Eyre - Walker and Keightley [73] and following the procedure in Carneiro et al. [29].

AML is a disease state that was initiated, and driven, by mutations in her genome.

Most cancers evolve from a single founder cell through a series of clonal expansions that are driven by somatic mutations.

The field of epigenetics provides crucial understanding about the ways that changes to genes caused by environmental factors drive disease, specifically chemical modifications on DNA and surrounding proteins that can alter the ways in which genes are expressed, even without the gene itself experiencing a mutation.

We found that mutation accumulation in organoids deficient in the mismatch repair gene MLH1 is driven by replication errors and accurately models the mutation profiles observed in mismatch repair - deficient colorectal cancers.

Twenty - five percent of NSCLCs are driven by KRAS mutations, to which there are no targeted therapies available.

Scientists today have a growing understanding of the biology of a vast array of cancers driven by various mutations and across many body sites.

This presents a significant advance in understanding that circuits in the brain regulate amyloid - beta protein composition, showing that Alzheimer's is also driven by physiological mechanisms and just by genetic mutations.

According to Lewis Cantley, director of the Cancer Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Harvard Medical School, as much as 80 percent of all cancers are «driven by either mutations or environmental factors that work to enhance or mimic the effect of insulin on the incipient tumor cells,» Gary Taubes reports, vii adding: