Not exact matches
Like Japan in the 1980s, China's export -
driven economic success and high savings
rate needs a relief valve if it is to avoid rapid appreciation of its
currency, the renminbi, the exchange
rate of which is carefully managed.
These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases
driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange
rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign
currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
In the short - term, market interest
rates can be
driven by a number of factors including economic data, central bank announcements, financial conditions (including stock and
currency markets) and overall sentiment.
Moreover, as inflation is less demand
driven and the result of external factors (
Currency, commodity prices), raising interest
rates risks plunging the economy into a recession.
EM
currencies have seen broad weakness
driven mostly by the USD rally and higher dollar
rates, and this week looks pivotal for the dollar outlook.
In prior comments, and in pieces like Going for the Gold and Valuing Foreign
Currencies, I've frequently noted the importance of real (after inflation) interest
rate pressures in
driving commodity and
currency fluctuations.
To do so would either create massive hyperinflation (devaluation) of our current fiat
currency, massive swings (politically rather than market
driven) in the price of the metal, or create such a high conversion
rate as to be nearly meaningless.
The silver lining to this credit creation was that Japanese exporters were aided as the conversion of yen into foreign
currencies drove down the exchange
rate.
Wars, periods of high inflation, lapse of the gold standard, introduction and lapse of the Bretton Woods agreements and adoption of the current floating exchange
rate system in 1973
drove currency fluctuations.
Economic growth, interest
rate differentials and inflation are three factors that
drive currency movements, according to Kevin Flanagan, senior fixed - income strategist at WisdomTree.
Current BOE policies and renewed weakness in the British economy have
driven the EUR / GBP
rate to 15 - month highs, thus putting the pound in the middle of the «
currency wars.»
Banks now lend mainly to other financial institutions, hedge funds, corporate raiders, insurance companies and real estate, and engage in their own speculation in foreign
currency, interest -
rate arbitrage, and computer -
driven trading programs.
And that means they are affected by the same unfavorable
currency exchange
rates that have
driven up the price of Japanese - made vehicles sold in the United States.
TOURISM:
Rate cuts tend to make a country's economy seem less attractive to foreign investors, which typically
drives the
currency lower.
Higher interest
rates are attractive to foreign investors and as a result they will need to buy Aussie dollars in order to invest in Australia, this of course will
drive up the demand and price of the
currency and lessen the supply of it.
If the Germans had decided to issue bonds to striking workers instead of money, bond prices would have been
driven to ridiculously low levels,
driving interest
rates to extremely high levels, creating an unwillingness to hold
currency (which does not bear interest), resulting in a rapid deterioration in the value of money, and hyperinflation just the same.
In fact, economists theorize that the long - term movement of free float
currencies are
driven by interest
rate differentials.
The USD and JPY gained versus most
currencies in a flight to perceived safe haven
currencies driven by rising concerns about political risk (Brexit, Italian elections, Germany coalition talks) and an aggressive pace of Fed interest -
rate hikes combined with signs of moderation in global economic data, albeit from high levels.
Since then, a blend of the interest
rate markets and goods markets
driving currencies is the dominant paradigm, with momentum thrown in.)
(An aside: when I was in Grad School, the idea that interest
rates drove currencies through arbitrage was new, and gaining favor.
The problem is with players who do not mind exchanging their real life funds for on - game
currency, increasing their total «Buying Power», allowing them to overpay for items,
driving up the price by increasing the demand and exchange
rates at the same time.
The forex
rates are published here in addition to information about current news events that can
drive the Aussie
currency value.