While carbon - depleted
soils tend to be
dry and prone to erosion, carbon - rich
soil is dark, crumbly, fertile, and moist.
Thawing permafrost is also expected to alter area landscapes and make local ecosystems more susceptible to long - term damage, in part because permafrost degradation can lead to significant changes in local
soil temperatures and moisture levels.14, 20,21
Soils on or near the banks of thermokarst ponds
tend to be much
drier than those on level tundra, owing to higher
soil temperatures and drainage.14, 20,21 On the Seward Peninsula, the banks of these ponds host trees (usually spruces) and shrubs that are otherwise usually absent in the characteristically treeless tundra.14, 21