From Chris Ofili's elephant
dung painting to Tracey Emin's infamous unmade bed, the Turner Prize has consistently provoked controversy and criticism.
«The Naked Spirit of Captain Shit», a glittering, but pale elephant
dung painting by Chris Ofili, sent for sale with a # 600,000 estimate by Miami collector, Craig Robins, failed to sell, and two Damien Hirst paintings bought from his landmark Sotheby's sale in 2008 struggled to meet their former prices.
«The Naked Spirit of Captain Shit», a glittering, but pale elephant
dung painting by Chris Ofili, sent for sale with a # 600,000 estimate by Miami collector, Craig Robins, failed to sell
Chris Ofili's
dung painting goes for # 800k, more than 2x the high est.; shortly after, Peter Doig settles into a solid # 2.8 m that is right within the est. range.
Australian collector David Walsh commissioned the sale of Ofili's «The Holy Virgin Mary» along with several other works by various artists (including «The Naked Soul of Captain Shit and the Legend of the Black Stars,»
another dung painting by Ofili) in order to raise funds for new acquisitions and the expansion of his Museum of Old and New Art.
Chris Ofili: His radiantly pink glitter - and - elephant
dung painting, Through the Grapevine, bought in 1999 for around # 20,000, sold well above expectations for a record # 802,850 — a price that makes Tate's purchase of Ofili's 13 - painting installation, The Upper Room, for # 600,000 five years ago look like a complete bargain.
Originating at the New Museum in New York last fall, the exhibition features «The Holy Virgin Mary,» Ofili's most recognized and most controversial
dung painting from the 1990s, which sold at Christie's London on June 30 for $ 4.5 million, a record for the artist.
In 1998 winner Chris Ofili's elephant
dung paintings were a gift to headline writers and cartoonists.
Even by the standards of a prize that has been contested by Chris Offili's elephant
dung paintings, Tracey Emin's soiled bed and dirty knickers and Damien Hirst's sliced and pickled animals, Creed's work is widely considered exceptionally odd and is likely to quicken debate about the prize's future.
It is, after all, a giant marketing exercise for the Tate, and the institution has benefited rather than otherwise from the barrage of indignation it has engendered over animals in formaldehyde, lights switching on and off, and elephant -
dung paintings.
Chris Ofili's adroitly executed
dung paintings, for example, make not one but three appearances throughout Skin Fruit while Charles Ray and Maurizio Cattelan are also repeat offenders.
Last year's disgruntled surprise at the lack of controversy in the shortlist — a position that has retroactively reduced Chris Ofili's gorgeous and intricate work to «elephant
dung paintings» and Mark Leckey's esoteric and erudite film work to «a video about cartoon characters» (according to Rachel Helyer Donaldson at The First Post)-- has given way to an across - the - board sense that Young British Art has finally grown up.
Not exact matches
Another matter in which the men differed from the nairs was that when they come to battlefield, they do not smear their heads nor do they
paint their bodies with the ashes of cow -
dung blessed by the cursed jogues.ie, the yogis or the Hindu priests, which the nairs make very much of.
Republican mayoral candidate Joseph Lhota said if he could turn back time, he would not have waged war with the Brooklyn Museum over a
dung - covered
painting of the Virgin Mary while serving as Rudy Giuliani's deputy mayor.
The
painting of a black Virgin Mary beside lumps of elephant
dung so offended then - NYC Mayor Rudy Giuliani that he sued to remove it from the Brooklyn Museum.
In 1998, at the age of 30, he was the first black winner of the Turner prize, and he later caused uproar in some quarters with a
painting of the Virgin Mary that featured spherical pieces of elephant
dung.
«Controversial for his exuberant figurative
paintings in
dung and glitter, Ofili has here contributed a relatively somber composition, choosing a detail from a series of pencil drawings entitled «Afro Margins.»
Standing eight - feet tall, the mixed media
painting features an exposed elephant
dung breast and is perched on balls of elephant
dung embellished with map pins spelling out the words «Virgin» and «Mary.»
Ofili rose to prominence in the 1990s for his complex and playful multi-layered
paintings, which he bedecked with a signature blend of resin, glitter, collage, and, often, elephant
dung.
Oil
paint, acrylic
paint, ink, gold leaf, polyester resin, glitter, map pins and elephant
dung on linen with two elephant
dung supports
After all the years of videos, rumpled beds and elephant
dung, a truly shocking contemporary artist emerged last night as the bookie's favourite to win the # 20,000 Turner Prize - Michael Raedecker, who creates delicately beautiful, eerie landscapes in the traditional materials of
paint and embroidery on canvas.
On travelling to the Brooklyn Museum, New York, in 1999, «Sensation» caused another major controversy, this time because of Chris Ofili's
painting «The Holy Virgin Mary» (1996), which incorporated elephant
dung.
Mono Oro, 1999 - 2002 Oil
paint, acrylic
paint, ink, gold leaf, polyester resin, glitter, map pins and elephant
dung on linen with two elephant
dung supports 182.9 x 121.9 cm 72 x 48 in
This work by British artist Chris Ofili, in which a black Virgin Mary is depicted adorned with real elephant
dung, was at the centre of a major controversy in 1999 when New York's then - mayor Rudy Giuliani tried to cut funding to the Brooklyn Museum for exhibiting the
painting.
Oil
paint, acrylic
paint, pencil, polyester resin, glitter, map pins and elephant
dung on linen with two elephant
dung supports
Mono Turquesa, 1999 - 2002 Oil
paint, acrylic
paint, pencil, polyester resin, glitter, map pins and elephant
dung on linen with two elephant
dung supports 182.9 x 121.9 cm 72 x 48 in
This concatenation of elements runs right through Ofili's work, and his use of materials: the elephant
dung - balls and words spelled out in coloured map - pins, the collaged photos and layers of resin, the glitter and stars and glow - in - the - dark
paints, all of which evidence a cargo of metaphoric as well as physical allusions.
The Turner Prize - winning artist Chris Ofili has been a bit chary, let's say, of showing in New York City ever since a certain Mayor Rudolf Giuliani threatened to defund the Brooklyn Museum for showing his absolutely gorgeous The Holy Virgin Mary — a 1996
painting of a black Madonna with a bared breast made from dried elephant
dung, surrounding by putti made from female genitalia cut from porn magazines — as part of the 1999 stateside leg of Saatchi Gallery's «Sensation» show.
While Chris Ofili caused a spit - storm by using elephant
dung in his 1996
painting «The Holy Virgin Mary,» this new book 100 Secrets of the Art World reveals that Pablo Picasso used feces to
paint with as far back as 1938.
For an artist known for hawking snowballs, and who'd previously turned lumps of elephant
dung into sculpture, years before Chris Ofili caused controversy by using them to prop up his
paintings, you might wonder what could possibly have so shocked a high - end gallery.
Executed with layers of
paint, glitter, resin, pointillist dots and collaged images of genitalia cut from porn magazines, an elephant
dung breast protrudes from large - scale canvas which is perched on two elephant
dung balls embellished with map pins that spell out «virgin» and «mary.»
Ofili's flag first flew above Tate Britain in 2010 when the gallery mounted a major show of the artist whose
paintings now cost hundreds of thousands of pounds and who is still best known for his controversial use of elephant
dung.
It is indubitably one of her more famous works, but this
dung - coloured
painting from 1960 looks like a very late reprise of Pollock, thus shoving her straight back into the Man and Wife show of 1949 where she was first «discovered» as Pollock's wife.
Ofili came to prominence in the early 1990s with richly orchestrated
paintings combining rippling dots of
paint, drifts of glitter, collaged images and elephant
dung — varnished, often studded with map pins and applied to the picture surface as well as supporting the canvas — a combination of physical elevation and symbolic link to the earth.
Christopher Ofili, CBE (born 10 October 1968) is a British Turner Prize - winning painter who is best known for his
paintings incorporating elephant
dung.
The
painting depicted a Black Madonna surrounded by images from blaxploitation movies and close - ups of female genitalia cut from pornographic magazines, and elephant
dung.
Ofili's use of
dung was inspired by a trip to Zimbabwe in 1992, as were some of the decorative patterns in his work, which related to cave
paintings he saw in that country.
Artist innovative and pioneering, surprised us by creating an entirely personal artistic style, with richly
paintings combining rippling dots of
paint, drifts of glitter, collaged images and elephant
dung — varnished, often studded with map pins and applied to the picture surface as well as supporting the canvas — a combination of physical elevation and symbolic link to the earth.
Though Ofili's detractors often state that he «splatters» [7] elephant
dung on his pictures, this is inaccurate: he sometimes applies it directly to the canvas in the form of dried spherical lumps, and sometimes, in the same form, uses it as varnished foot - like supports on which the
paintings stand.
A magnificent creation, it is built up in layers with bright, often iridescent
painted whorls containing the cut - out heads of men with Afros, the surface dotted with
dung - balls labelled with map pins spelling the names of eminent black sportsmen, and the whole thing spun into a psychedelic dazzle.
(Ofili's
painting of the Holy Virgin Mary includes balls of elephant
dung and cutouts from pornographic magazines.)
With the great British painter Chris Ofili's masterpiece The Holy Virgin Mary going ruthlessly under the hammer at Christie's London on June 30 — sent there by the philosophical Australian gambler David Walsh — July starts with the inevitable headlines pairing its high price with the lowly material (elephant
dung) that made this earnest devotional
painting into a lightning rod during the «Sensation» sensation.
The
dung balls soon found their way into Ofili's
painting, a development that the artist considered exciting enough to take out a quarter - page ad in art magazine Frieze that simply consisted of the words «ELEPHANT SHIT.»
Ofili continued his use of
dung and dots in his Edenic
paintings of lovers in a tropical forest done in red, black and gold.
Ofili began to garner attention in the mid-1990s with his intricately constructed works, combining bead - like dots of
paint, informed in part by cave
paintings in Zimbabwe, with collaged images from popular media, and elephant
dung.
The auction has an interesting work by Chris Ofili, whose use of elephant
dung led to a great controversy recently at the Brooklyn Museum over one of his
paintings of a Madonna.
His works center around the relationship between form and content: often using several layers of
paint, resin, glitter, collage elements, and occasionally, elephant
dung, Ofili enlists sexual, cultural, historical, and religious references to create uniquely aesthetic and physical works that expose the darker undercurrents of society, while also celebrating contemporary black culture.
Chris Ofili's intricately constructed works, combining beadlike dots of
paint, collaged images from popular media, and elephant
dung, create a unique iconography that marries African artistic and ritual practices with Western art historical traditions and contemporary hip - hop culture.
In each of these exultant
paintings, a richly decorated
dung ball forms the center of an immense star that seems to bless the scene like the star of Bethlehem.
They combine
paint, glitter, collage and elephant
dung collected from Africa.