Sentences with phrase «during animal development»

The sorting out of cells with different identities and fates during animal development is an important process to organize functional tissues and organs.

Epithelial tissues undergo profound changes in shape during animal development.

Not exact matches

Due to the limited statistical and methodological certainty allowed by biological science, the occurrence of technical errors in biological experiments, the differences between human and animal embryo development, the rapidity by which the cloning procedure produces a totipotent zygote, and the philosophical and theological nature of the question, there is no biological experiment that will prove with moral certainty that a human zygote never exists during the OAR procedure.

Experiments in animal cells have shown that although these genes are required to form pluripotent stem cells during development, they are not powerful enough on their own to overcome the epigenetic programming of a mature cell and convert it to a pluripotent stem cell directly.

During later months in this stage of development, he will begin to see colors more clearly and will enjoy hearing you talk about the color of each animal and their extended tails.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

This makes it possible to examine the processes which take place during the development of epilepsy in a living animal.

The animal, called Chengjiangocaris kunmingensis, lived during the Cambrian «explosion», a period of rapid evolutionary development about half a billion years ago when most major animal groups first appear in the fossil record.

Animals such as salamanders and planaria regenerate tissues by rekindling genetic mechanisms that guide the patterning of body structures during embryonic development.

McCain would ban scientists from using donor eggs to create disease - specific stem cell lines or chimeric animals to see how human stem cells behave during development.

Working with an animal model, the researchers found that a type of cell present in the brain's primary processing area during early development, long thought to form structural scaffolding with no role in transmitting sensory information, may conduct such signals after all.

Using a nuclear protein expressed in follicle stem cells (FSCs), the researchers found that castor, which plays an important role in specifying which types of brain cells are produced during embryonic development, also helps maintain FSCs throughout the life of the animal.

The presence of these neuroblasts depends on genes that control positional information during the development of animal body plans.

If damage occurs during embryonic development, for example, due to a mutation or environmental influences, repair mechanisms ensure that the animal later appears healthy.

One case where the ordering of genes on a chromosome is important to their function is that of the Hox genes, which define the body patterns of most types of animals during development.

They also recommend investigating whether exposure to a UOG mix during development can sensitize animals to hormones or carcinogens.

During development, touch is key to learning how to interact with other animals and the environment.

During embryonic development individual cells and cell clusters can move over relatively long distances, and cell migration is also essential for wound healing and many immunological processes in adult animals.

Turtles are the only beasts in the animal kingdom that don hard outer shells formed from bone during embryonic development, and a scarcity of ancient turtle fossils has made it difficult to track the evolution of this unique trait.

Animal models and clinical trials have shown that antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs could not only reduce symptoms associated with the disorders but also prevent the appearance of neurobiological abnormalities and transition to psychosis if given early during brain development.

Growth in insects and many other animals depends on environmental factors, such as the availability of food during development.

«We know from animal models that there are critical periods during early development when cells are rapidly dividing and forming the circuitry through which cells will communicate with each other to form various tissues of the body,» said Retha Newbold, a reproductive biologist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina.

To see what might go wrong with the telomeres of cloned animals between cell fusion and maturity, a team led by Lenhard Rudolph of the Hannover School of Medicine and Heiner Niemann of the Institute for Animal Science at Mariensee, Germany, tracked the length of telomeres during development.

Both fish and land animals possess clusters of Hoxa and Hoxd genes, which are necessary for both fin and limb formation during embryonic development.

Animals as varied as grasshoppers and mice build their bodies by assembling repetitive pieces during embryonic development.

They also found that the disruption of the connectivity of these cells during brain development causes alterations in brain oscillatory activity and disturbs the function of place cells, a type of pyramidal neuron that becomes active when an animal is located in a particular place in its environment.

All the analyses indicate that land plants first appeared about 500 million years ago, during the Cambrian period, when the development of multicellular animal species took off.

Mutations in these animals began to amass during embryonic development, while normal animals don't begin to accumulate mutations until after birth.

Mild oxygen levels in shallow seas but oxygen - poor deep oceans lasted for some 1.3 billion years during a time that has been dubbed the «Boring Billion» but eventually led to the development of mitochondria that now power multicellular planet and animal life (Nick Lane, New Scientist, February 10, 2010; Rachel Ehrenberg, Science News, September 29, 2009; Johnston et al, 2009; and H.D. Holland, 2006).

Origins of Muscle Stem Cells: During development, the embryo has three different tissue types that, together with the germ cells, will make up the animal's entire body.

The researchers used a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to screen a group of genes known to be involved in animal development, in order to study the signaling mechanisms that regulate whether the animal would produce a head or tail during regeneration.

While researchers have been able to study how DISC1 mutations alter the brain during development in animal models, it has been difficult to find the right tools to study changes in humans.

In most animals, mutations in the SMN1 gene cause embryos to die during development.

Taking advantage of these three animal models, we use comparative approaches to assess the evolution of Wnt and retinoic acid signaling functions and their interactions during deuterostome development.

During development, genes within specific cell types are turned on and off to trigger the necessary expression patterns that create a whole animal.

She works in a WSU lab that focuses on evaluating hormonal regulation in the oviduct and uterus during fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development and embryo transport using genetically engineered animal models.

The Leaping Bunny Logo shows that a cosmetic or personal care company adheres to the Corporate Standard of Compassion for Animals, and is a voluntary pledge that companies make to not test on animals during any stage of production develAnimals, and is a voluntary pledge that companies make to not test on animals during any stage of production develanimals during any stage of production development.

Animal studies have shown that flaxseeds and flaxseed lignans may cause lower birth weight and affect the development of the offspring's reproductive system, especially if consumed during early pregnancy (86, 87).

The Leaping Bunny Logo certifies that a cosmetic or personal care company adheres to the Corporate Standard of Compassion for Animals, and is a voluntary pledge that companies make to not test on animals during any stage of production develAnimals, and is a voluntary pledge that companies make to not test on animals during any stage of production develanimals during any stage of production development.

One thing is certain: low - protein diets depressed normal growth, increased the suceptibility to many toxins, killed toxin - exposed animals earlier, induced fatty liver, and increased the development of pre-cancerous lesions when fed during the initiation period of chemical carcinogenesis.

In fact, for the best growth and development of your baby, baby needs lots of animal foods during the growing years.

Malnutrition, on the other hand, negatively affects brain growth (both in utero and during infancy) and can have potentially irreversible implications for intellectual development.21 Animal sources of vitamin A play a particularly crucial role in fetal development.

That was a long awaited main entry in the series after three long years of anticipation during development, while Animal Crossing: Happy Home Designer is a spin - off with only 4 months between announcement and release, making the sales numbers for Happy Home Designer even more impressive.

During development, the working title was Animal Crossing DS.

Co-producer Hisashi Nogami, who has served as director for nearly every Animal Crossing title to date, makes his return to the series after his absence during Animal Crossing: New Leaf's development period (during which time he was producing Splatoon).

Early Training Benefits Instruction and interaction during the first six to eight months of doggie development ensures that a puppy absorbs information from its social and physical environment like a sponge, says Jennie Jamtgaard, an animal behavior instructor at the Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

During this time she was integral in the development and management of a local animal shelter where she adopted out many animals to loving homes.

While The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition reports «craniofacial... malformations» (those affecting the head and face) occurring in animals exposed to high Vitamin A intake during embryonic development

Jen Walker, the animal shelter programs and development manager, said coyotes» territories expanded during the drought.

Adult dogs with well - established bite inhibition often mouth during play, and should they bite, the bites almost never break the skin because during puppyhood the dog learned how to register a complaint without inflicting any damage.Bite inhibition is one of the most misunderstood aspects of behavioral development in dogs (and other animals).