This greater stiffness of the passive elements may therefore allow for greater energy absorption (Kay et al. 2016)
during eccentric contractions, such as those performed by the hamstrings during sprinting.
«Eccentric training has been shown to produce greater muscle hypertrophy than concentric training as a result of greater ability for maximal force generating capacity
during eccentric contractions.»
And studies using functional MRI measures have shown that the amount of cortical brain area used is greater
during eccentric contractions than in concentric contractions (Yao et al. 2014), while functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and other parts of the brain is reduced (Yao et al. 2016).
Currently, it is thought that muscle strains are produced when the energy absorbed
during an eccentric contraction is greater than the muscle fibers can handle, but whether increased fascicle lengths enable greater energy to be absorbed is unclear.
Not exact matches
Most people underestimate the importance of
eccentric training because they don't know that there is more mechanical load per motor unit
during the
eccentric phase of an exercise, and the reason for this is that
eccentric contraction involves fewer motor units.
More specifically, it is due to the high intensity
eccentric (lengthening)
contractions during these exercises.
Some studies have indicated that electroencephalography (EEG)- derived movement - related cortical potentials (MRCPs) are greater
during eccentric muscle actions than in concentric
contractions (Fang et al. 2001; 2004).
The underlying mechanism of the SSC is, that
during the lengthening or
eccentric contraction the muscle and tendons can store energy, often named as «elastic energy», and this energy can be released
during the shortening or concentric
contraction.
During the stretch - shortening cycle a muscle gets stretched or lengthened (
eccentric contraction), followed by an instant shortening (concentric
contraction).
It therefore showed that the aspects of an exercise that determine transfer to sport are not limited to the movement pattern, but include other factors such as the muscle group being trained (the hamstrings are key to sprinting ability), and the mode of the
contraction (
eccentric muscle actions are very important
during sprinting).