Sentences with phrase «during glacial periods in»

Researchers at the Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers (CNRS / IRD / Universités Montpellier 1 and 2 / IFREMER) and the Laboratoire CoRéUs 2 (IRD) have shown that the current distribution of tropical marine biodiversity is mainly due to the persistence of such refugia during glacial periods in the Quaternary.

Not exact matches

Cave Bears (Ursus spelaeus) lived in Europe during the most recent glacial period, approximately 400,000 years ago, until they became extinct about 25,000 years ago.

Climate scientists find the last glacial period interesting because ice cores in Greenland and ocean sediment cores have shown that during this period there were sharp shifts in global temperatures.

The more intensive variations during glacial periods are due to the greater difference in temperature between the ice - covered polar regions and the Tropics, which produced a more dynamic exchange of warm and cold air masses.

This meant that vast quantities of nutrients were available to phytoalgae, which in turn contributed to storing the greenhouse gas CO2 during the last glacial period.

During glacial periods, sea level falls as water gets locked up in the ice sheets, and in extreme cases the Bering Strait connecting the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean closes and becomes a land bridge.

* Circulation changes in the Faeroe - Shetland Channel correlating with cold events during the last glacial period (58 - 10 ka).

The tools were found beneath glacial deposits laid down during a period 450,000 years ago when the region was blanketed in ice, so they must be older than this.

Using climate models to understand the physical processes that were at play during the glacial periods, the team were able to show that a gradual rise in CO2 strengthened the trade winds across Central America by inducing an El Nino - like warming pattern with stronger warming in the East Pacific than the Western Atlantic.

This glacial meltwater lake was enclosed in ice and experienced a massive breach during this period, which emptied an enormous volume of water into the ocean,» explains Herrle.

The theory assumes that the earth's atmosphere was poor in carbon dioxide and water vapor during the earth's cool glacial periods, and rich in these gases during hot periods.»

we found evidence that C3 primary productivity was greatly diminished in southern California during the last glacial period.»

Similar fluctuations in OMZ intensity have occurred during the Dansgaard - Oeschger (D - O) events (millennial - scale abrupt climate oscillations) during the last glacial period (Cannariato and Kennett, 1999; Schmittner et al., 2007).

Fortunately it normally occurs in very low concentration in the atmosphere — about 0.3 to 0.4 ppm during glacial periods and 0.6 to 0.7 ppm during warmer periods.

During the history of Earth, there have been a series of periods in which a significant portion of the hydrosphere was locked up in the form of glacial ice.

One example is the spotted hyena, which is living in Africa today, but which appeared also in Europe during the glacial period.

Historically, methane concentrations in the world's atmosphere have ranged between 300 and 400 nmol / mol during glacial periods commonly known as ice ages, and between 600 to 700 nmol / mol during the warm interglacial periods.

In particular, during the last 800,000 years, the dominant period of glacial — interglacial oscillation has been 100,000 years, which corresponds to changes in Earth's eccentricity and orbital inclinatioIn particular, during the last 800,000 years, the dominant period of glacial — interglacial oscillation has been 100,000 years, which corresponds to changes in Earth's eccentricity and orbital inclinatioin Earth's eccentricity and orbital inclination.

This article will use the term ice age in the former, glaciological, sense: glacials for colder periods during ice ages and interglacials for the warmer periods.

[2] The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South Aglacial period at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South AGlacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America.

The archaeological record suggested that very roughly 150,000 individuals spanned Europe and Asia, living in small groups of 15 to 25 — and that their total numbers fluctuated greatly during the several climate cycles (which included harsh glacial periods) that occurred during the half a million years they inhabited Earth, before going extinct 40,000 years ago.

During the last glacial period, and up until about 10,000 BC, most of Ireland was periodically covered in ice.

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Although the southern islands (San Clemente, San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, and Santa Catalina) increased in size during Quaternary glacial periods.

Oeschger and his colleagues in Bern were the first to measure the glacial - interglacial change of atmospheric CO2 in ice cores, showing that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 during the glacial period was 50 % lower than the pre-industrial concentration, a result predicted by Arrhenius nearly a century earlier.

Blunier, T. and E. J. Brook, 2001: Timing of millennial - scale climate change in Antarctica and Greenland during the last glacial period.

It seems increasingly clear that D - O events must involve major sea ice changes (and there is not much sea ice left, by comparison with what was present during the glacial period (20000 + years ago, when these events happened), so D - O events are increasingly unlikely in the future).

You should ask your Tardlie friend what kind of soil he expects to find in the north given that virtually all of it was scraped off and deposited north of the 49th during the last glacial period.

The kind of switch operating during glacial periods, leading to D - O events, is unlikely to work in a warm climate with relatively little ice.

IN FACT IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT DURING GLACIAL PERIODS THE CLIMATE WAS MUCH DRYER, AND DURING WARMER PERIODS MUCH WETTER.

In addition, during the glacial period large sections of tropical rain forest changes to savannah (About a third of the tropical forest changes to savannah.

Global average temperature is lower during glacial periods for two primary reasons: 1) there was only about 190 ppm CO2 in the atmosphere, and other major greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) were also lower 2) the earth surface was more reflective, due to the presence of lots of ice and snow on land, and lots more sea ice than today (that is, the albedo was higher).

In the past, major and rapid climatic variations which took place notably during the last glacial period (Heinrich period) disturbed ocean circulation.

It is virtually certain that millennial - scale changes in atmospheric CO2 associated with individual antarctic warm events were less than 25 ppm during the last glacial period.

For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide grew by approximately 30 % during the transition from the most recent cold glacial period, about 20,000 years ago, to the current warm interglacial period; the corresponding rate of decrease in surface ocean pH, driven by geological processes, was approximately 50 times slower than the current rate driven largely by fossil fuel burning.

Strong evidence from ocean sediment data and from modelling links abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period and glacial - interglacial transition to changes in the Atlantic Ocean circulation.

It rose more than that going from the glacial period to the Younger Dryas (about 120 m), and may have risen about 24 m to 36 m from the Younger Dryas to the Holocene, but has only slowly varied during the Holocene, with variation less than 1 m over the last 6,000 y. I don't think NYC is in any danger.

Fortunately it normally occurs in very low concentration in the atmosphere — about 0.3 to 0.4 ppm during glacial periods and 0.6 to 0.7 ppm during warmer periods.

In 1901, Hartz and Milthers provided evidence for climatic warming during the last glacial period, sourced from a clay - pit near Allerød (Denmark).

During the glacial periods, D - fir was only sparsely scattered in small ice - free regions.

The planet reaches an essential equilibrium during these periods in that it reaches a certain temperature range for 10,000 or 20,000 years and does not continue the warming it did to rise out of the glacial period.

-- Even during glacial and interglacial periods — mainly being caused by orbital changes — CO2 content in atmosphere have followed temperature changes.

The emergence of civilization during our current interglacial, the Holocene, has been attributed to the «relative climate quiescence» of this period relative to the massive, abrupt shifts in climate that characterized glacial periods in the form of D - O events.»

---- Mayewski, 2016 http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-2567.pdf «The demonstration using Greenland ice cores that abrupt shifts in climate, Dansgaard - Oeschger (D - O) events, existed during the last glacial period has had a transformational impact on our understanding of climate change in the naturally forced world.

During the last glacial period, sea level dropped 400 feet as water was tied up in ice, and as we have moved out of the cold glacial period, sea level has recovered.

This finding supports the Rhodes et al. hypothesis that increased rainfall in the southern tropics likely stimulated wetland methane emissions in response to massive iceberg discharge events during the last glacial period.

The ubiquitous character of certain events further confirms their importance: «the Younger Dryas and a large number of abrupt changes during the last ice age called Dansgaard / Oeschger events (23 abrupt changes into a climate of near - modern warmth and out again, during the last glacial period) have been corroborated in multiple ice cores from Greenland, Antarctica and tropical mountains, marine sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean, the tropical Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and from various records on land.

However, there have been other studies in both the Swiss and Austrian alps (e.g. Schlüchter, Patzelt), which have found carbon - dated remains of trees under receding glaciers, supporting the conclusion that the glacial extent during the Roman Warm Period and the MWP (as well as during earlier warm periods) was less than today.