These factors include chemokine (C - X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12), a chemokine produced by bone marrow mesenchymal cells that functions as a chemoattractant and survival factor for cells bearing the chemokine (C - X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), and insulin - like growth factor 1 (IGF - 1), a factor that is stored in the bone matrix and released
during osteolysis (28).
The artwork appeared on the front cover of Applied Surface Science summarizes the benefits of a new bioceramic coating versus the commercially available Calcium Phosphate which develops microcracks
during processing and may later cause
osteolysis in load - bearing orthopedic implants.