Finally, we analyzed ESTs separately to distinguish the ones that are expressed in ES cells or
during the differentiation process.
Conversely, few pro-apoptotic genes are expressed in ES cells (day 0; most boxes appear in green), but many are gradually induced
during the differentiation process showing the exact opposite pattern from the genes involved in cell proliferation (Figure 7).
The bottom row consists of three tools that offer: detailed organization of specific gene expression patterns (Expression Waves)
during the differentiation process (bottom left); animation of KEGG pathways organized by successive days of differentiation (Pathway Animations, bottom middle); and, a search engine to obtain the expression of any transcript or groups of transcripts in the Affymetrix 430 v. 2 arrays during the ES cell differentiation process (bottom right).
Not exact matches
However, it remains unclear how these different stem cells populations balance proliferation,
differentiation and migration
during the healing
process.
Senior researcher Mori continues, «We see UPR working «backstage», so to speak, to support the main actors
during cell
differentiation and thereby orchestrating various biological
processes»
The completion of
differentiation correlated with less aberrant methylation
during the reprogramming
process.
In order to learn more about this
process, Alexander Skupin and his team treated blood stem cells from mice with growth hormones and then watched closely how these progenitor cells behaved
during their
differentiation into white or red blood cells.
In addition to p53, there are other transcriptional activatory mechanisms that are not well understood for the most part and which operate in response to mitogenic stimulation (11, 12), transforming growth factor - β (13, 14, 15), and aberrant oncogenic signals (16, 17) or
during a number of cell
differentiation processes (18, 19).
Conrad Hal Waddington coined a classical metaphor for the
process of cell
differentiation during development: An epigenetic landscape characterized by valleys of different levels, and hills to separate them.
We have identified a number of key transcription factors that are deregulated
during this
process, and we are using this information to investigate mechanisms by which
differentiation can be reprogrammed in tumour cells.
The project will focus on answering the question, how an embryonic stem cell computes cues from its environment to elicit a regulated, exact cell fate choice
during a
process called «
differentiation».
The early cardiac markers and transcription factors (Gata4, Mef2c, Hind I, Nkx2 - 5 and beta - Mhc) were examined in iPS cell lines 11.1 and 4.1
during the cardiac
differentiation process (
differentiation day 0, day 3, day 6 and day 9).
During that time, she applied her knowledge of the
processes governing normal heart development to direct the
differentiation of embryonic stem cells into the cardiac lineage.
Heatmaps of the 50 concise clusters for All Genes, Transcription Factors and ESTs according to their timing of induction or suppression
during the normal ES cell
differentiation process.
It is possible that the Oct4 expression patterns that we observe is due to failure of one or more of these
processes in the complex, abnormal milieu of this embryonal carcinoma cell line
during differentiation.
Differentiation — A
process that occurs
during development by which cells take on their specialized functions, such as the ability of a red blood cell to carry oxygen or a nerve cell to send an electrical signal.
This
differentiation can include the coach's approach to the situation and assistance provided
during the coaching
process.
Transitional objects typically spring up
during childhood as children begin the
process of individuation, or
differentiation of self from others, but they can also help older children, and even adults, who are facing a transition of some kind.