The organisms can become airborne after being expelled by a coughing dog, carried in the air in microscopic particles of
dust and water vapor.
And while material spewing from the icy visitor probably won't trigger the colossal meteor showers on the Red Planet that some scientists predicted,
dust and water vapor may still slam into Mars, briefly heating up its atmosphere and threatening orbiting spacecraft.
Not exact matches
During one massive
dust storm in 2006
and 2007, signs of
water vapor were found at unusually high altitudes in the atmosphere, nearly 80 kilometers up.
Another hurricane - moderating hypothesis, this one advanced by Daniel Rosenfeld of Hebrew University of Jerusalem
and William Woodley, an independent weather - modification researcher based in Colorado, holds that seeding a hurricane's lower reaches with microscopic
dust particles — perhaps microbits of salt — would generate minute
water droplets by giving the
vapor something to attach to.
The «factors» are natural phenomena such as
water vapor, clouds, sea ice,
dust and vegetation — all of which exert varying pulls on the climate.
It is theorized that the process may be similar to what happens on comets, when
water vapor lifts tiny particles of
dust and ice off the surface.
I guess I am surprised that with better understanding of the importance of
water vapor feedback, sulfate aerosols, black carbon aerosols, more rapid than expected declines in sea ice
and attendant decreases in albedo, effects of the deposition of soot
and dust on snow
and ice decreasing albedo,
and a recognition of the importance of GHGs that were probably not considered 30 years ago, that the sensitivity has changed so little over time.
I will present new numerical models that treat
dust coagulation / fragmentation,
dust dynamics, simple gas - grain chemistry,
and vapor diffusion simultaneously,
and explore the connection between the
water vapor in the disk atmosphere
and the size - distribution
and ice - to - rock ratios of the
dust grains growing in the midplane.
The really cold air can't hold all that
water vapor so the
vapor instead condenses around any microscopic particles of
dust, salt or whatever else might be floating in the air
and voila, you have a cloud.
In one sentence: Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory found that when miniscule particles of airborne
dust, thought to be a perfect landing site for
water vapor, are modified by pollution, they change cloud properties via ice crystal number concentration
and ice
water content.
ISON is releasing
dust, as well as
water vapor, carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide, astronomers reported Oct. 20 in Astrophysical Journal Letters.
MARCI images will be used to document the weather on Mars by observing the comings
and goings of
dust storms, polar frost,
and clouds of
water vapor,
water ice,
and carbon dioxide crystals.
Airborne particles in the form of naturally occurring
dusts and human - produced aerosols can serve as ice nuclei, sites around which
water vapor condenses into clouds.
Just like the virus that causes the common cold is carried by
water vapor,
dust and air, the bacteria
and viruses that cause kennel cough also spread in every direction.
I guess I am surprised that with better understanding of the importance of
water vapor feedback, sulfate aerosols, black carbon aerosols, more rapid than expected declines in sea ice
and attendant decreases in albedo, effects of the deposition of soot
and dust on snow
and ice decreasing albedo,
and a recognition of the importance of GHGs that were probably not considered 30 years ago, that the sensitivity has changed so little over time.
Away from the dense network of heat absorbing (daytime) then heat radiating (nighttime) structures which is the Urban Heat Island
and above the air with high
water vapor content trapped by the valley along the river, not to mention the pall of coal
dust over the city, morning low temps were much more like what the natural countryside would experience.
* Because of increased
dust, cloud cover
and water vapor ``... the planet will cool, the
water vapor will fall
and freeze,
and a new Ice Age will be born,» Newsweek magazine, January 26, 1970.
If CO2 in the Anthropocene atmosphere contributes to re-vegetating currently arid areas as it did post-LGM, we should expect an even greater warming feedback from CO2 than is assumed from
water vapor and albedo feedbacks, due to decreased global
dust - induced albedo
and increased
water vapor from transpiration over increased vegetated area.
Small forcings due to changes in desert
dust aerosols
and the pseudo-forcing due to changes in stratospheric
water vapor might to some extent be non-anthropogenic in nature.
The Sun, Jupiter, gravitational moment of the remaining planets, Earth angular orbit variations of all kinds, galactic rays, motion of the solar system through the galaxy
and dust clouds, the Moon, atmospheric
water vapor, ocean currents, configuration of the tectonic plates
and continental drift, volcanic activity, the natural biosphere, human urban development, human alteration of the greenhouse
water cycle (dam's, rivers etc),,... human produced CO2.
Nearly all of the
water vapor and dust in the atmosphere are in this layer
and that is why clouds are found here.
The
dust particles act as surfaces, or kernels, for
water vapor to attach to in low clouds,
and for ice crystals to form around in higher clouds.
With scrubbers in place, less
dust,
vapor,
and gases will go through the baghouse filter
and up the stacks; but they will create sulfurous acids, suspended fines,
and a precipitate in the scrubber
water.
«The ozone layer, the
water vapor, the clouds,
dust and aerosols attenuates it in the following way: 1368 W / m ^ 2 / 1.35 reflected by the atmosphere
and Earth's surface = 1013.3 W / m ^ 2 1013.3 W / m ^ 2 / 1.20 absorbed by the atmosphere = 844.4 W / m ^ 2 From this power, the surface only absorbs a power of 692.41 W,»
Outgoing energy varies with cloud, ice,
water vapor,
dust... Where Δ (H&W) = 0 at points of local maximums
and minimums then energy in = energy out
and there is maximum entropy in the Earth's energy dynamic.