From the moment that seven Earth - sized planets were discovered in orbit around TRAPPIST - 1 — an ultracool
dwarf star located 39 light years away — astronomers have been busy trying to learn everything they can about this intriguing star system, particularly its potential to foster life.
At first blush, there is nothing particularly special about Kepler - 32,
a dwarf star located about 910 light - years away in the constellation Cygnus.
Both planets orbit K2 - 18, a red -
dwarf star located about 111 light years away in the constellation Leo.
Not exact matches
The white
dwarf star is
located about 570 light - years from Earth in the constellation Virgo.
Located 1,350 light - years away, the Orion Nebula is a relatively nearby laboratory for studying the
star formation process across a wide range, from opulent giant
stars to diminutive red
dwarf stars and elusive, faint brown
dwarfs.
Recently, a newly discovered Earth - sized planet orbiting Ross 128, a red
dwarf star that is smaller and cooler than the sun
located some 11 light years from Earth, was cited as a water candidate.
TRAPPIST - 1 is an ultra-cool red
dwarf star that is slightly larger, but much more massive, than the planet Jupiter,
located about 40 light - years from the Sun in the constellation Aquarius.
But most assumed the unknown mass was simply a small
star or a brown
dwarf, especially since it is
located in M4, a globular cluster thought not to have heavy elements.
Or it may be influenced by a tidal tug from the
star's red
dwarf binary companion (HR 4796B),
located at least 54 billion miles from the primary
star.
The mystery object is part of the
dwarf galaxy Markarian 177,
located in the bowl of the Big Dipper, a well - known
star pattern within the constellation Ursa Major.
Located a mere 20 light - years away, practically our backyard in cosmic terms, Gliese 581d is situated on the «outer fringes» of the Goldilocks zone, orbiting a red
dwarf star.
Hence, Earth - type life around flare
stars may be unlikely because their planets must be
located very close to dim red
dwarfs to be warmed sufficiently by
star light to have liquid water (about 0.007 AU for Proxima), which makes flares even more dangerous around such
stars.
Dubbed a «waterworld» and
located a mere 42 light - years from Earth, GJ 1214b orbits near a red
dwarf star about one - fifth the size of our sun.
In order to be warmed sufficiently have liquid water at the surface, an Earth - type rocky planet would have to be
located very close to such a cool and dim red
dwarf star like CD - 51 5974.
Hence, Earth - type life around flare
stars may be unlikely because their planets must be
located very close to dim red
dwarfs to be warmed sufficiently by
star light to have liquid water (between 0.02 and 0.05 AU for Wolf 424 A and B with an orbital period in 3 and 12 days), which makes flares even more dangerous around such
stars.
This extremely faint
star system of two, very small and dim, red
dwarf stars is
located only about 14.2 light - years away.
Named TRAPPIST - 1 because it was discovered by the Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) in Chile, the
star is an ultra-cool M - type
dwarf star with eight percent the mass of the Sun and half its temperature,
located in the direction of the constellation Aquarius.
By combining observational data from OGLE and Hubble, astronomers have been able to work out the nature of the
star system, which is
located around 8,000 light - years away, to great precision The
star system consists of two red
dwarfs orbiting one another only 7 million miles apart (as a comparison, this is only 14 times the Earth - moon distance).
Three of these faintly - lit bodies,
located in the southern hemisphere near the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, were confirmed as
dwarf galaxies, which contain
stars numbering in the thousands in contrast to our galaxy, which is believed to contain over 300 billion
stars.
NASA's Kepler space observatory has shown that almost all red
dwarf stars host planets in the range of one to four times the size of Earth, with up to 25 percent of these planets
located in the temperate, or «habitable,» zone around their host
stars.
Earlier this year, Earthlings rejoiced when scientists announced the discovery of three rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone of TRAPPIST - 1, an «ultracool
dwarf»
star located just 39 light years away.
The
dwarf galaxy in which it is
located is reportedly much smaller than the Milky Way, they said, and contains approximately half as many
stars.
Essentially, the researchers saw another
star,
located behind the brown
dwarf and planet, brighten in a characteristic pattern, one most likely due to the pair passing in front of it.