The team found that the levels of mitochondrial DNA, presumably released
from dying neurons, were increased in the blood plasma of mice that were starting to develop the symptoms of HD.
Next, they looked for mutants with shortened life - spans and examined them for signs
of dying neurons.
Dr. Steven R. Goodman, Editor - in - Chief of Experimental Biology and Medicine said «D'Mello and colleagues have performed a transcriptomic study, utilizing RNA - Seq, to identify transcripts that are changed in expression
in dying neurons.
In the days following,
dying neurons spew toxic chemicals that overexcite other neurons to death.
In a culture dish microglia that were modified to make a lot of TREM2 gobbled more amyloid and removed
more dying neurons, compared with microglia having less of the protein.
The findings provide «a convincing explanation of
how dying neurons attract microglia,» says Frank Kirchhoff, a glia physiologist at the University of Saarland in Homburg, Germany, who was not involved in the study.
By the time this strain of genetically modified mice reaches 9 months of age, the hippocampus — a part of the brain important for memory — typically is visibly shrunken and
shows dying neurons.
This proposal is aimed at determining
if dying neurons in the retina (ganglion cells) signal to the retinal glia by releasing ATP through specialized channels made up of a protein called Pannexin1.
Tau lesions also were found in the forms of neurofibrillary tangles and clusters of tau - positive neurites (i.e., pieces
of dying neurons).
Scientists at Southern Methodist University, led by Professor and Chair of Biological Sciences Santosh D'Mello, have used RNA - Seq to conduct transcriptome profiling of gene expression changes
in dying neurons.
But within hours,
their dying neurons appeared healthy again, because they reverted to using sodium to transmit signals in lieu of the blocked calcium.
Some of
these dying neurons produce dopamine, a chemical that sends messages to the part of the brain that controls movement and coordination.