Sentences with word «dynein»

Self - organization of dynein motors generates meiotic nuclear oscillations.

At Berkeley, Yildiz expanded his studies on the movement of dynein motors and also branched out in a new direction.

Dr Burgess said: «During brain development, neurons must crawl into their correct position and dynein molecules in this instance grab hold of the nucleus and pull it along with the moving mass of the cell.

Using this biologically accurate model of how dynein moves the microtubules within the axoneme, Ingber and Reilly created a short film called «The Beginning,» which draws parallels between sperm swimming toward an egg and spaceships flying toward a planet in space, giving an artistic bent to a scientific topic.

Despite this hard work from dynein, in roughly one - quarter of the cells observed, the spindle was misaligned, even after the paired chromosomes were pulled to opposite sides of the cell in late anaphase.

The axoneme's movement is accomplished via rows of motor proteins called dyneins that are attached along the microtubules and exert force on them so the microtubules «slide» past each other, which then causes the entire axoneme and sperm tail to bend and move.

Delanoue R., Herpers, B., Davis, I. and Rabouille, C. Drosophila Squid - hnRNP helps dynein switch from a gurken mRNA transport motor to an ultrastructural static anchor in sponge bodies Developmental Cell 13:523 (2007)

His research focuses on the development of high - precision, single - molecule methods to study the mechanism of action of macromolecular machines, such as dynein, telomerase, and Cas9.

«Now, being able to take that approach to a motor like dynein has the opportunity to explain a lot of important, fundamental mysteries about how a protein that complex works,» he said.

Williams solved the structure of TcTex - 1, and then the complex of the dyenin intermediate chain and the light chains, showing that dynein light chains could not act as tethers.

The collective shape changes of multiple dyneins generate tensional forces that are exerted on the long, compression - resistant microtubules to which they are bound at a larger size scale.

The animation approach also allows us to visualize how rows of dyneins work in unison, like rowers pulling together in a boat, which is difficult using conventional scientific simulation approaches.»

Dynein motion switches from diffusive to directed upon cortical anchoring.

«Previously, dynein movement had only been tracked by attaching fluorescent molecules to the proteins and observing the fluorescence using very powerful light microscopes.

Nuclear movement during myotube formation is microtubule and dynein dependent and is regulated by Cdc42, Par6 and Par3.

They found that this caused atoms in the entire protein to move in random directions when they performed their simulation of dynein floating in solution, as most conventional scientific simulations do.

«It's long been my hunch that the earliest events in left - right asymmetry involve a shunting [of signaling proteins such as ZIC3] to one side or the other, and it's certainly appealing to invoke dyneins and the cytoskeleton to help with that,» says Casey.

Indeed, the group found that the affected gene, named left - right dynein (lrd), comes on in the «node» — a key source of patterning signals — just before the appearance in the mouse embryo of the first known left - right asymmetries, the left - sided expression of two genes called nodal and lefty.

Microtubules have plus and minus ends and researchers have observed dynein moving from the plus end to the minus.

They extracted cytoplasm from frog eggs, which contains dynein and all of the components needed to make spindles, added fluorescent protein and the chemotherapy drug Taxol to create and stabilize microtubules, and loaded the mixture into «the world's simplest microfluidic chamber.»

For instance, in the motor neuron connecting the central nervous system to the big toe — which is a single cell a metre long — dynein provides the transport from the toe back to the nucleus.

That means dynein can reach not only the next rung but the one after that and the one after that and appears to give it flexibility in how it moves along the «track».»

In about 31 % of the cells, the protein motor dynein pulled an off - center spindle toward the middle of the cell during anaphase, correcting its position.

The team at Leeds, working within the world - leading Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, combined purified microtubules with purified dynein motors and added the chemical fuel ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to power the motor.

Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan (Tolić - Nørrelykke, MPG)-- «Dynein dynamics during meiotic nuclear oscillations of fission yeast» (2014)

Davide Accardi (Tolić - Nørrelykke, MPG)-- «Dynein redistribution during nuclear oscillations in Schizosaccharomyces pombe» (2012)

The virus attaches itself to a molecular motor called dynein, which moves down the microtubule like a train car on tracks.

The investigators showed that kinesin movement corresponds to traffic from the center of a nerve cell to its axonal tips — and a different motor in the squid's cytoplasm, which was subsequently identified as dynein, travels in the opposite direction.

«You have to do this first step really well and in a lot of detail to get confidence before you tackle a beast like dynein,» Diehl said.

«Cortical Dynein and Asymmetric Membrane Elongation Coordinately Position the Spindle in Anaphase»

Dynein switches between these different conformations as a result of the conversion of a molecule of ATP to ADP at a specific binding site on the protein, which releases energy as a chemical bond is broken.

The stiffest regions of dynein (yellow, on left) are the sites where ATP binds to the protein and releases energy when converted into ADP (colored, on right).

The film depicts several sperm attempting to fertilize the egg, «zooms in» on one sperm's tail to show how the dynein proteins move in sync to cause the tail to bend and flex, and ends with the sperm's successful journey into the egg and the initiation of cell division that will ultimately create a new organism.

At the molecular level, individual dynein molecules whose shapes are stabilized by prestress were found to have areas of increased rigidity around their ATP binding sites, which resist deformation by incoming energy from ATP and instead translate that force into the dynein molecule's characteristic movement.

The dynein protein has a long «arm» portion that grabs onto the neighboring microtubule and, when the protein changes from one shape to another, pulls the microtubule along with it.

To model this molecular motor, the scientists created a molecular dynamics simulation of a dynein protein and applied energy at the ATP binding site to approximate the transfer of energy from ATP.

However, when they then «fixed» a specific hinge region of the dynein molecule that is known to connect dynein to its microtubule, they discovered that the dynein to spontaneously moved in its characteristic direction when force was applied at the ATP binding site, matching the way it moves in nature.

«Additionally, while previous studies of dynein have revealed the molecule's two different static conformations, our animation visually depicts one plausible way that the protein can transition between those shapes at atomic resolution, which is something that other simulations can't do.

«Not only is our physics - based simulation and animation system as good as other data - based modeling systems, it led to the new scientific insight that the limited motion of the dynein hinge focuses the energy released by ATP hydrolysis, which causes dynein's shape change and drives microtubule sliding and axoneme motion,» says Ingber.

Microtubules, Brueckner points out, «are inherently asymmetric structures,» with positive and negative ends that determine the direction a dynein may travel.

«The big questions now are, what is this dynein moving around, and how do the microtubules get oriented?»