Sinatra says that statin
drugs can drive down LDL, yet low LDL below 80 is associated with adverse side effects of
increased risk of cancer, aggression, cerebral bleeding, amnesia, and immune
dysfunction.
On a personal level, physician burnout is associated with an
increased risk of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, fatigue, alcohol and
drug abuse, and marital
dysfunction.
Felitti and colleagues1 first described ACEs and defined it as exposure to psychological, physical or sexual abuse, and household
dysfunction including substance abuse (problem drinking / alcoholic and / or street
drugs), mental illness, a mother treated violently and criminal behaviour in the household.1 Along with the initial ACE study, other studies have characterised ACEs as neglect, parental separation, loss of family members or friends, long - term financial adversity and witness to violence.2 3 From the original cohort of 9508 American adults, more than half of respondents (52 %) experienced at least one adverse childhood event.1 Since the original cohort, ACE exposures have been investigated globally revealing comparable prevalence to the original cohort.4 5 More recently in 2014, a survey of 4000 American children found that 60.8 % of children had at least one form of direct experience of violence, crime or abuse.6 The ACE study precipitated interest in the health conditions of adults maltreated as children as it revealed links to chronic diseases such as obesity, autoimmune diseases, heart, lung and liver diseases, and cancer in adulthood.1 Since then, further evidence has revealed relationships between ACEs and physical and mental health outcomes, such as
increased risk of substance abuse, suicide and premature mortality.4 7