Sentences with phrase «egrid emissions factors»

It produces this estimate for emissions from all upstream transportation and distribution primarily using data collected from its third - party logistics coordinators and EPA emission factors; only 7 % of emissions are from «primary data.»

«As for all electric vehicles, a grid emission factor of 0.5 g CO2 / Wh was also applied to the electric energy consumption.

NEC collected or estimated megawatt hour («MWh») generation data for each portfolio project and used region - specific eGRID emissions factors maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine the greenhouse gas («GHG») intensity of each MWh offset by its investments.

Combining the generation data, project location, and eGRID emissions factor, NEC estimated the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (measured together as metric tons of CO2 Eq.)

«The emissions factors used by Fonterra, FrieslandCampina and Arla are indeed less than the emissions factors provided by the FAO's GLEAM for their regions of production,» they continued.

«Without detailed information from these companies explaining how they arrived at their estimated emissions factors, it is not possible for us to assess why the emissions factors they use are so much lower than those determined by the FAO.»

Similarly, Fonterra said GRAIN's average emissions factor estimate is more than double the amount used by the New Zealand dairy industry.

In this study, we created new per - animal emissions factors — that is measures of the average amount of CH4 discharged by animals into the atmosphere — and new estimates of global livestock methane emissions.»

The authors re-evaluated the data used to calculate IPCC 2006 CH4 emission factors resulting from enteric fermentation in dairy cows and other cattle, and manure management from dairy cows, other cattle and swine.

«That foundation is buried to such an extent that it's not often appreciated,» says David Mobley, who worked on emission factors in the 1990s.

Among his proudest accomplishments: helping the agency develop a set of numbers called emission factors — values that enable regulators to estimate atmospheric discharges from power plants, oil refineries, chemical plants and other industrial operations.

California's Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed its approach after studies showed leaks from oil refineries in the area — known as fugitive emissions — were likely underrepresented in emission factors.

Carman and other advocates say they understand emission factors will have to be used in some circumstances, and that some types of pollution can be estimated with reasonable accuracy.

Some of these plants already have monitoring systems installed, Schaeffer says, but «it's easier to mask noncompliance using emission factors.»

Progress on emission factors will hinge on «available resources,» the EPA spokeswoman wrote in an e-mail, declining to specify a deadline for the project.

Despite the findings of these studies and others, the EPA did not update emission factors for the U.S. refinery and petrochemical sector until 2015, seven years after Houston had petitioned the agency to do so and two years after it was sued by environmental justice groups.

The study showed reliance on emission factors alone is a bad idea, Cohan says.

The number of emission factors used by the EPA since Southerland's time has proliferated and stands at 22,693.

The EPA, according to its spokesperson, has begun executing a plan to improve the science that underlies emission factors and review the estimates more frequently.

When the EPA asked in a 2009 Federal Register notice for suggestions on how to improve the system, companies from electric power generators to auto manufacturers argued for the status quo, saying emission factors were sometimes their only data option.

«EPA believes it is important to develop emissions factors that are of high quality and reliable,» she wrote.

Many emission factors used to estimate releases of methane — a potent greenhouse gas associated with oil and natural gas development — are «far too low,» says Robert Howarth, an ecology and environmental biology professor at Cornell University.

It allows operators of power plants, for example, to choose between using continuous monitoring to measure fine particles or a combination of quarterly testing and emission factors.

«They use default emissions factors for various types of coals, they have to use various efficiency rates and things like that, and slight tweaks in those has huge impacts when you're talking about hundreds of millions of credits.»

To construct the estimates, the researchers used data on locomotive diesel consumption, pipeline pumping station electricity consumption, locomotive and power plant emission factors and the AP2 integrated assessment model, which maps county level emissions to costs for counties affected by the emissions.

Indeed, using different official sources of activity data and emissions factors can result in estimates that vary by up to 40 per cent in a given year.

Yet estimates of Chinese emissions remain subject to large uncertainty due to conflicting assessments of energy consumption and emission factors.

However, emission factors for Chinese coal were on average 40 per cent lower than the default levels recommended by the IPCC.

The team was able to derive new emissions factors based on data from Chinese government programs that analyzed nearly 5000 coal samples taken throughout the country.

In the absence of better data, emissions factors for China's coal were so far assumed to be similar to those of coal mined in the United States and Europe, Guan says.

Key to the new estimate are so - called emissions factors, which are derived from the carbon content, heating value, oxidation rate, and other variables that allow carbon emissions to be calculated for the amount of a given fuel consumed.

«(I) The Administrator shall determine the amount of fossil fuel - based electricity delivered at retail by each electricity local distribution company, and shall use appropriate emission factors to calculate carbon dioxide emissions associated with the generation of such electricity.

New emission factors are taken into use, errors in the calculations are corrected, and other improvements in the emission model are implemented.

Activity data can be for example tonnes of fuel oil used by an industry, while the emission factor expresses the emission of a component in proportion to the activity (for example tonnes of SO 2 / tonne fuel oil).

National emissions to air are mainly estimated from existing statistics on activity level and emission factors (emission per unit activity).

The emission factors are usually based on measured values, national or international.

A detailed field guide for «Methods for Assessing Carbon Stocks and Emissions Factors in Mangroves, Tidal marshes and Seagrasses» is currently available in our Resources section and the standardized methods outlined within allows consistent collection of comparable data in these habitats around the world.

We convert energy content to carbon content using emission factors of Table 4.2 of [15] for coal, gas and conventional oil, and, also following [15], emission factor of unconventional oil is approximated as being the same as for coal.

The International Blue Carbon Initiative is proud to present «Coastal Blue Carbon: methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows».

Coastal Blue Carbon: Methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows.

MOBIL6 is used to produce motor vehicle emission factors for use in transportation analysis and can be used at any geographic level within the U.S.

This paper presents a review of existing literature on emission factors, emission data collection techniques, and analytic approaches; presents the results of SAIC's analysis of available CO2 and CH4 GHG emission data from chassis dynamometer tests of heavy - duty vehicle exhaust; and provides suggestions for further reducing this uncertainty.

But the final horsepower rating will be determined by corporate average fuel economy and emissions factors.

With the GM 2.8 L diesel gaining only 2 MPG over the 2.5 L gasoline engine, while adding 440 pounds to its curb weight, the diesel fuel economy gains are not sufficient to offset the higher emission factor for diesel fuel, with the diesel option producing 4 % more CO2 - equivalent emissions over the truck's life - cycle.

Deep within the EPA document «Emissions Factors and Policy Applications Center, Chapter 9: Food and Agricultural Industries, Section 9.5 Introduction to Animal & Meat Products Preparation» is the section 9.5.3 Meat Rendering Plants.

There's an under - bias in my numbers due to self consumption at power plants and especially because average emission factors understate emissions from older and smaller (higher heat rate and thus higher emissions) plants that have disproportionately been the ones shut down or not dispatched.

The E.P.A. and EDGAR use a bottom - up approach, calculating total emissions based on «emissions factors» — the amount of methane typically released per cow or per unit of coal or natural gas sold, for example.

We are not ready to go on the record with the results — the comparison shows no substantive differences between to - down and bottom up measurements — which means the underlying emissions factors can't be too far off.

That makes that the emissions factor is larger than the increase attributed to temperature... Which shows my point that the mass balance is impossible to close without a sink which is larger than what temperature allegedly causes + a part of the emissions together... Thus nature is a net sink for CO2, no matter what temperature does (within limits of course).

A recent Canadian study of the nation - wide emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural activities used nitrous oxide emissions factors which indicated that nitrous oxide emissions from anhydrous ammonia and ammonium phosphate were from four to five times as high as those from urea or ammonium nitrate.