Sentences with phrase «eif2alpha phosphorylation»

For example, cancer cells tend to use glycolysis in the cell cytoplasm in their metabolism, an ancient system, whereas healthy cells use oxidation - phosphorylation.

«Structural analysis of phosducin and its phosphorylation - regulated interaction with transducin beta - gamma» by Rachelle Gaudet Pros: A great dance that is incredibly fun to watch.

Bats have evolved enhanced oxidative phosphorylation pathways in response to the increased metabolic demands of flight.

Analysis of signaling pathways that were affected pointed to changes in mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation, consistent with a number of studies showing perturbations of these pathways in neurodegenerative disorders.

The next challenge is to identify the proteins in the isolated vesicles, and determine their phosphorylation states.

Because a majority of tumors exhibit phosphorylation changes at some point in their development, his lab looked specifically at protein phosphorylation in vesicles.

The next logical step for me work-wise was at the University of California, Riverside, just outside Los Angeles, where I could investigate the physiological phosphorylation of the proteins I had learned to purify.

A Smo agonist stimulated and a Smo antagonist (cyclopamine) inhibited both phosphorylation of Smo by GRK2 and interaction of β - arrestin 2 with Smo.

P also enhanced phosphorylation of DARPP - 32 on threonine 34 in the hypothalamus of mice.

Adenosine 3», 5» - monophosphate at a concentration of 5 x 10 - 7 mole per liter causes a 400 percent increase in the rate of phosphorylation of histone catalyzed by a partially purified enzyme preparation from rabbit brain.

The hope is that 3BP specifically kills certain cancer cells — while leaving normal cells alone — because they rely more on glucose metabolism than on an alternative pathway called oxidative phosphorylation.

Researchers focused on two pathways that produce energy in muscles, glycolysis (sugar metabolism) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in both young and middle - aged rats that were fed a normal diet or a calorie - restricted diet.

In mice with a genetic deletion of DARPP - 32 or with point mutations in phosphorylation sites of DARPP - 32, the effects of D - amphetamine, LSD, and PCP on two behavioral parameters — sensorimotor gating and repetitive movements — were strongly attenuated.

This results in cells having less mitochondrial DNA, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and a faulty process in cell metabolism called oxidative phosphorylation.

In 1996, Peter Klein of the University of Pennsylvania discovered that one of lithium's biological activities was inhibiting GSK - 3, an enzyme that modifies other proteins by attaching phosphate molecules, a process called phosphorylation.

Conventional wisdom had suggested that GSK - 3 phosphorylates proteins that contain a specific amino acid sequence, but the new phosphoproteome showed that the majority of proteins whose phosphorylation depended on GSK - 3 did not contain this sequence.

One way for that to happen is through changes in gene expression, but changes in phosphorylation are equally effective,» explains Beltrao.

But mutated or dysfunctional Rb is associated with several major cancers and Cyclin D has long been described as an oncogene that promotes cancer because it was believed to inactivate the Rb tumor suppressor function through a process called phosphorylation, which involves phosphate molecules being added to proteins, essentially turning them on or off.

The research team used mass spectrometry to compare phosphorylation of proteins from mouse embryonic stem cells with fully functioning GSK - 3 to cells in which the gene encoding GSK - 3 had been deleted.

The data included protein expression, protein phosphorylation, which indicates which signaling pathways are activated, and messenger RNA and microRNA expression.

The PERY peptide specifically blocked the interaction of p38 and JNK with the importins, restricted their nuclear translocation, and inhibited phosphorylation of their nuclear (but not cytoplasmic) substrates.

Phosphorylation, she says, shifts the balance of the flip so that the protein spends more time in the active form.

This phosphorylation of Nanog stabilizes and activates the molecule.

When nitrogen is scarce, an enzyme tacks a phosphate group onto NtrC — a process known as phosphorylation — and thus «flips» NtrC from an inactive to an active form.

The second method, called oxidative phosphorylation, produces free radicals, reactive forms of oxygen that can be particularly harmful to a cell's DNA.

Phosphorylation of PERK (P - PERK), indicative of ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response, is evident in ß - cells.

Cellular transfection of β - arrestin 2 caused cytosolic retention of JNK3 and enhanced JNK3 phosphorylation stimulated by ASK1.

«Rissman's prior work demonstrated that CRF and its receptors are integrally involved in changes in another AD hallmark, tau phosphorylation,» said William Mobley, MD, PhD, chair of the Department of Neurosciences and interim co-director of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at UC San Diego.

Tim Clausen's lab stumbled upon arginine phosphorylation several years ago while studying how certain bacteria cope with adverse conditions.

These and other observations suggest that many different classes of regulatory substances achieve certain of their biological effects by altering the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

A variety of neurotransmitters, hormones, and other regulatory agents affect the phosphorylation of specific proteins in their target tissues.

Every cell in the body uses phosphorylation, the process of adding a chemical tag to control a protein's function and fate, such as when it moves from one part of a cell to another or binds to other proteins.

The types of stimuli that share this common effect on protein phosphorylation include numerous substances that do not act through cyclic AMP.

The research team, led by Professor Yoshiaki Ito, Senior Principal Investigator at CSI Singapore, found that a modification called phosphorylation made to RUNX3 promotes cancer progression by allowing cell division.

Tim Clausen's group at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna identified an analogous system in gram - positive bacteria, where the role of a degradation tag is fulfilled by a little known post-translational modification: arginine phosphorylation.

Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have made the surprisingly simple discovery: The phosphorylation of more than 100 secreted proteins is the work of a single enzyme called Fam20C.

The turkey erythrocyte model system was used earlier to show that a covalent modification of the receptor (phosphorylation) is associated with this process.

The researchers also concluded that the mechanism of phosphorylation was still unknown and actively being investigated.

In a recent study appearing in Nature Publishing Group's Scientific Reports, the researchers focused on the properties of schreibersite and conducted experiments with the mineral to better understand how — in a chemical reaction with the corrosive effects of water called «phosphorylation» — schreibersite could have provided the phosphate important to the emergence of early biological life.

Prior work on nucleoside phosphorylation has shown that inorganic phosphate can serve as both a catalyst and a reactant in nucleoside synthesis, they said.

Regulatory T cells mainly dine on fatty acids and generate energy through an alternative pathway, oxidative phosphorylation.

Ueda's group performed experiments to show that phosphorylation activates WRKY2 by using mutants absent of SSP and replaced serine residues in WRKY2 with asparagine by base exchange, which mimics serine phosphorylation.

In this study, by using a systemic mtEF4 gene knockout mouse model, researchers found that mtEF4 knockout damages the oxidative phosphorylation function in germ cells of male mice, thus causing male sterility.

Somatic cells generate their energy in an oxygen - fueled process called oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place in the mitochondria, also known as cellular powerhouses.

G protein — coupled receptor (GPCR)-- dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA) led to phosphorylation of RCS at Ser55 and increased its binding to CaM.

«We also showed that TCL1 inhibits a mitochondrial enzyme required for in oxidative phosphorylation, leading to a reduction in oxygen consumption of the cells,» co-first author Shiho Aizawa explains.

Increasing RCS phosphorylation blocked GPCR - and PP2B - mediated suppression of L - type Ca2 + currents in striatal neurons.

HIT exercise can have a positive effect on a person's maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, the pathway that cells use to metabolize energy.

During the development of blood cells it is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and can switch certain genes on or off.

Hund's team identified a phosphorylation site (Serine 571) on the voltage-gated sodium channel targeted by CaM kinase II that serves as a switch for inappropriate «late» sodium influx.