Sentences with phrase «early earth atmospheres»

1000 ppm is in the ballpark of what geochemists who study possible early Earth atmospheres say the CO2 level might have been 4 billion years ago, when the sun was 30 percent weaker (at least one source posits 1000 ppm CO2 and 1000 ppm methane).

Working under Nobel laureate Harold C. Urey, he placed small amounts of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water — but no oxygen — in an airtight container, then heated it and subjected it to electrical sparks — an attempt to approximate early earth atmosphere and weather.

Not exact matches

First, planetary scientists suspect that cyanide was abundant on early Earth, deposited here by comets or created in the atmosphere by ultraviolet light or by lightning (once the atmosphere became oxygen rich, 2.5 billion years ago, the process would have stopped).

X-class solar flares can cause radiation storms in Earth's upper atmosphere and trigger radio blackouts, as happened earlier this morning.

While oxygen is believed to have first accumulated in Earth's atmosphere around 2.45 billion years ago, new research shows that oceans contained plentiful oxygen long before that time, providing energy - rich habitat for early life.

Few reliable clues exist as to the early history of Earth's atmosphere and rocky surface because geologic activity has erased detailed evidence over time.

NASA's Wide - field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), slated for launch no earlier than 6:09 A.M. Pacific Standard Time on December 11, is charged with mapping the sky in the mid-infrared to create an atlas of objects whose emitted light is invisible to human eyes and largely absorbed by Earth's atmosphere.

These chlorine - and bromine - containing molecules are largely derived from human - made chemicals that steadily increased in Earth's atmosphere up through the early 1990s.

Scientists think that billions of years ago the sun may have burned off Earth's early atmosphere in the same way it is now blowing off Pluto's.

As a result, the planet has shrunk in size over billions of years because of the same processes that shaped the early evolution of Earth's atmosphere and very likely that of both Mars and Venus.

By going to Pluto we have a chance to anchor, with real data, models of the early evolution of Earth's atmosphere.

Early in April, Europe will launch the first satellite in its Copernicus program: a fleet of a dozen environmental monitoring spacecraft designed to study Earth's oceans, changes in land use, and atmosphere.

New work from a team including Carnegie's Mark Heinnickel, Wenqiang Yang, and Arthur Grossman identified a protein needed for assembling the photosynthetic apparatus that may help us understand the history of photosynthesis back in the early days of life on Earth, a time when oxygen was not abundant in the atmosphere.

He is the lead author of a paper, «Massive Impact - induced Release of Carbon and Sulfur Gases in the Early Earth's Atmosphere,» recently published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

A team of biogeochemists at the University of California, Riverside, give us a nontraditional way of thinking about the earliest accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere, arguably the most important biological event in Earth history.

The work, published yesterday in Science, finds evidence that Earth's climate is more sensitive to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than some earlier studies had suggested.

In an oxygen - free atmosphere, as prevailed on early Earth, uranium stayed immobile in rocks as tetravalent uranium (IV).

Alien as this may seem, Titan's atmosphere — rich in nitrogen and organic compounds — may be similar to the atmosphere of early Earth.

There are contributions from interstellar matter, from the three - degree - Kelvin background radiation left over from the early history of the universe, from noise that is fundamentally associated with the operation of any detector and from the absorption of radiation by the earth's atmosphere.

Titan, another of Saturn's moons, has a thick, methane - tinged atmosphere that is reminiscent of early Earth's.

Eberle and Kim said the early - middle Eocene greenhouse period from 53 to 38 million years ago is used as a deep - time analog by climate scientists for what could happen on Earth if CO2 and other greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere continue to rise, and what a «runaway» greenhouse effect potentially could look like.

Furthermore, it is likely that Miller and Urey erred by simulating Earth's early atmosphere with gases containing hydrogen, which reacts easily, as opposed to carbon dioxide, a gas that is far less reactive but was probably far more plentiful at the time.

Way and his GISS colleagues simulated conditions of a hypothetical early Venus with an atmosphere similar to Earth's, a day as long as Venus» current day, and a shallow ocean consistent with early data from the Pioneer spacecraft.

But Pepin and his colleagues realized that if another source of solar gas were available — say, one trapped in Earth's mantle from the planet's early days — it could bring the elements back into balance as it outgassed into the atmosphere.

Plugging those numbers into the mathematical relations among raindrop size, speed and atmospheric density suggests that the early Earth's atmosphere probably exerted the same or as little as half the present pressure.

The problem was that theoretical models and analyses of ancient rocks eventually convinced scientists that Earth's earliest atmosphere was not rich in hydrogen.

Researchers are now studying these fossilized raindrops to learn more about early Earth's atmosphere.

«[This] study has important global implications, because we know early plants cooled the climate and increased the oxygen level in the Earth's atmosphere,» conditions that supported the expansion of terrestrial animal life, says Tim Lenton, an earth system scientist at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom who was not involved with the Earth's atmosphere,» conditions that supported the expansion of terrestrial animal life, says Tim Lenton, an earth system scientist at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom who was not involved with the earth system scientist at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom who was not involved with the work.

He took some water to represent the ocean, the gases methane, ammonia and hydrogen to represent the early earth's atmosphere and sent electric sparks through the mixture to simulate lightning strikes.

In the early 1990s, they re-created a history of the Earth's atmosphere throughout the past 400,000 years — a record of our planet's air during the past four ice ages.

After all green plants and plankton oxygenated the early atmosphere of Earth, creating an environment that allowed new life forms to emerge.

For the research team, one of the most - exciting aspects of this finding is the potential of a reservoir of oxygen deep in the planet's interior, which if periodically released to the Earth's surface could significantly alter the Earth's early atmosphere, potentially explaining the dramatic increase in atmospheric oxygen that occurred about 2.4 billion years ago according to the geologic record.

Topics covered: Cloud and haze formation and evolution in Earth Atmosphere — Radiative Transfer and Polarization in Atmosphere Characterization — Atmospheric Circulation Regimes for Solar System and Exoplanets — Clouds and Hazes in the Early Earth — Clouds and Planetary Habitability — Clouds and Hazes in Jupiter, Saturn, Titan — Clouds and Hazes in Strongly Irradiated Exoplanets — Clouds and Hazes in Weakly Irradiated - Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs

And that's why many scientists had argued photosynthesis must have been behind the buildup of oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere.

After roving for approximately a Mars year (almost two Earth years) and sampling dust, sand, rocks and atmosphere at the Gale Crater landing site, Curiosity has found the strongest evidence to date that the very early Mars environment could have provided a suitable habitat for life as we know it.

The interpretation is that the atmosphere of Mars was thicker and warmer in former times, and perhaps much like the Earth's early atmosphere before the appearance of oxygen.

Planets that are smaller (i.e. 1.5 Earth radii or less) or have less hydrogen and helium early in their lives turn into dense, rocky planets with solid surfaces, while larger planets or those with more gas turn into Neptune - like planets with no discernable solid surface and thick atmospheres.

[10] Earlier still, a 200 - million year period of intermittent, widespread glaciation extending close to the equator (Snowball Earth) appears to have been ended suddenly, about 550 million years ago, by a colossal volcanic outgassing which raised the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere abruptly to 12 percent, about 350 times modern levels, causing extreme greenhouse conditions and carbonate deposition as limestone at the rate of about 1 mm per day.

31 May 2013 AGU Release No. 13 - 24 WASHINGTON, DC — Scientists have long suspected that a flourishing of green foliage around the globe, observed since the early 1980s in satellite data, springs at least in part from the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere.

NASA's Global - Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) instrument was launched into orbit earlier today atop an Ariane 5 rocket, with a mission to shed light on how the uppermost layers of Earth's atmosphere can be affected by powerful space and Earth - based weather events.

He considered if amino acids could be made from what was known about the early Earth's atmosphere.

For hydrogen in Earth's early history to have arrived and stayed put in great enough amounts to bond with the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, it must have been attached to a «carrier» — another atom that bound it into a molecule.

Some of the earliest programs for the DoD involved developing high - temperature reentry materials for missile systems reentering Earth's atmosphere.

In search of meteor showers, an airborne research mission indicates that the chemical precursors to life found in comet dust into early Earth's atmosphere.

Studying this complex chemistry may provide insights into the properties of Earth's very early atmosphere, which may have shared many chemical characteristics with present - day Titan.

For decades, scientists believed that the atmosphere of early Earth was highly reduced, meaning that oxygen was greatly limited.

Space Comet are thought to have created major changes to Earth's early atmosphere and climate by striking Earth billions of years ago.

Now, scientists at Rensselaer are turning these atmospheric assumptions on their heads with findings that prove the conditions on early Earth were simply not conducive to the formation of this type of atmosphere, but rather to an atmosphere dominated by the more oxygen - rich compounds found within our current atmosphere — including water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

While water molecules were part of the cloud of gas and dust that coalesced into our solar system 4.6 billion years ago, Earth's early history included scorching temperatures and little - to - no atmosphere, so it was thought that any water on the planet's surface would likely have evaporated.

His findings suggest that eukaryotic organisms were present on Earth as early as 2.31 billion years ago, around the same time that oxygen was first present in the Earth's atmosphere.