Sentences with phrase «early differentiation states»
Hierarchical clustering organized samples according to differentiation stages, with undifferentiated ES cells and early differentiation states at the left and progressively more differentiated states toward the right.
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By analysing the early steps that precede tumor formation, Alexandra Van Keymeulen and colleagues found that expression of oncogenic Pik3ca reactivates a multilineage differentiation program in adult stem cells that resembles to an immature embryonic state.
In comparison with the cells obtained with the technique developed by Yamanaka, the stem cells obtained by CNIO therefore represent an even earlier embryonic state, with greater capacity for differentiation.
As the V+S + population appeared to be an immediate early state of PrEn differentiation in which extremely low levels of PrEn determinants (e.g. Hex) are expressed, we wanted to ask whether FGF signalling promoted this state or acted to push cells already in this state further into differentiation.
The ability of Nanog to suppress early Hex positive endoderm states is consistent with both the mutually exclusive nature of Nanog and Gata6 expression in vivo [17] and the ability of Nanog to suppress Gata6 positive PrEn differentiation, in vitro [39].
Taken together our data support a model in which ES cell culture has trapped a set of interconvertible cell states reminiscent of the early stages in blastocyst differentiation that may exist only transiently in the early embryo.