"Early dinosaurs" refers to the first group of dinosaurs that appeared on Earth millions of years ago. These were the ancestors of the more well-known dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops.
Full definition
«There is currently great uncertainty
about early dinosaur relationships and the basic structure of the dinosaur family tree,» the researchers concluded.
But exactly
what early dinosaurs and their closest relatives looked like has been something of a mystery, because few fossils exist from the dawn of the dinosaurs.
The idea has taken some time to take root, in part because
most early dinosaur fossils lacked accompanying evidence of feathers.
But the details of that split remain mysterious, thanks to a dearth of fossils
of early dinosaur relatives.
Charig, who died in 1997 but is included as an author on the new paper, speculated that it was some sort of
early dinosaur relative.
This hints that the animal begged for food from its parents, like baby birds today, and that even
early dinosaurs cared for their young — but not everyone is convinced.
An international consortium of specialists
in early dinosaurs, led by Max Langer from the Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, and including experts from Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Great Britain, and Spain has now re-evaluated the data provided by Baron et al. in support of their claim.
The subgroup of rauisuchians that includes Poposaurus independently evolved the same posture — and competed
with early dinosaurs such as Coelophysis in the same environments — but why they perished while dinosaurs thrived is a mystery.
The abundance of recent discoveries of dinosauromorphs, a group that includes the dinosaur - like creatures that lived right before and
alongside early dinosaurs, does more than call diagnostic features into question.
So, an overall mix of creatures dominated
by early dinosaurs didn't really look that much different from earlier ones where dinosauromorphs were predominant, he notes.
The finding raises the possibility that the
very earliest dinosaurs had feathers, and that such plumage was much more common than thought.
FOSSIL
BED Early dinosaur ancestors like the pair on the right were thought to evolve around 10 million years before dinosaurs.
In 1888, H. G. Seeley split the dinosaur family tree into two branches based on pelvic bones, but a new analysis suggests a complete rejig of
early dinosaur types.
The earliest mammals entered the scene, and reptiles —
including early dinosaurs — lived on Pangea, the name given to the giant landmass in which all of the world's continents were joined as one.
Paleontologists tend to say that finding more fossils
from early dinosaurs and their close relatives is the surest way to fill in the gaps on how the creatures evolved and to tidy up the family tree.
Not all researchers are so enthusiastic: A number of
early dinosaur evolution experts have challenged the proposed reorganization.
The oldest dinosaur fossils have been recovered from South America suggesting
the earliest dinosaurs originated there.
Instead of being an evolutionary fluke, the new find suggests that Effigia was part of a specialized subgroup of bipedal crocodile cousins that diversified at the same time as
the early dinosaurs.
Now we know that although
the earliest dinosaurs appeared roughly 230 million years ago, they remained relatively rare for the rest of the Triassic.
Scientists once theorized that even
the earliest dinosaurs must have been intrinsically superior to other animals.
Eoraptor,
an early dinosaur that first appeared 228 million years ago, grabs lunch.
The earliest dinosaurs and their predecessors, the earliest dinosauromorphs, «were only slightly different players,» says Sterling Nesbitt, a vertebrate paleontologist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg.
Ichthyosaurs were a massive group of marine reptiles that lived around the time of
the earliest dinosaurs.
Often called a living fossil, the tuatara reptile looks as if it has hardly changed in the more than 200 million years since it shared habitat with
the early dinosaurs.
Godefroit suggests that
the earliest dinosaurs may have had feathers, before they split into ornithischians and saurischians around 220 million years ago.
«The ultimate goal is to see when
these early dinosaurs took off.
The German trackways therefore offer a unique look at how
the earliest dinosaurs differed from their rivals and evolved into the creatures that dominated the planet for the next 175 million years.
The similarity between some of
the earliest dinosaur flyers and some of the earliest flying machines is probably more than coincidence.
But contrary to current thinking, the new tree suggests that
these early dinosaurs had grasping hands and were omnivores, snapping up meat and plant matter alike.
It lends support to the accepted idea that
the earliest dinosaurs were smallish, two - legged creatures.
Just a few million years later, as
the earliest dinosaurs stomped about on land, some of their reptilian relatives slipped into the surf and began to exploit the rich ocean ecosystems.
The astonishing discovery is that the molecular mechanisms needed for this switch might have been so clearly related to the appearance of the first feathers in
the earliest dinosaurs.»
Archosaurs led to animals like Asilisaurus kongwe, a dinosaur - like animal, and Nyasasaurus parringtoni, a dog - sized creature with a five - foot - long tail that could be
the earliest dinosaur.
However, when Baron studied the few specimens available from
the earliest dinosaurs, he found that early ornithischians oddly resembled theropods.
However, the new dinosaur study by University of Cambridge Ph.D. student Matthew Baron redraws the classifications, after the comparison of 74
early dinosaurs and their relatives.
The early dinosaurs got bigger, faster and more ferocious, and preyed on and eventually eliminated many of the larger reptiles so that only the smallest survived.
Another details Teleocrater,
an early dinosaur relative that walked on four crocodile - like legs.
Most of the reporting from the decade - long study describe other animals that were present in the Triassic besides
the early dinosaurs.
Those rocks were more than 200 million years old, at least as old as
the earliest dinosaurs.
In this artist rendering, Teleocrater,
an early dinosaur relative, is shown feeding on Cynognathus, while hippo - like dicynodonts look on.