We investigate this possibility in the context of
the early grade retention policy in Florida, which requires all students with reading skills below grade level to be retained in the third grade, yet grants exemptions under special circumstances.
This review of research clearly demonstrates that
early grade retention is one of the most powerful predictors of later school withdrawal.
Not exact matches
North Carolina's investment in
early child care and education programs resulted in higher test scores, less
grade retention and fewer special education placements through fifth
grade, research from the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy finds.
We also are working to prevent
retentions before they even occur, by targeting high -
retention schools and implementing an intensive literacy program in the
early grades.
At the same time that thousands of school districts nationwide are beginning to implement the Common Core State Standards in English / language arts, many also face new state reading policies for the
early grades that call for the identification of struggling readers, require interventions to help them, and, in some instances, mandate the
retention of 3rd graders who lack adequate reading skills.
The Commission will examine factors in raising student achievement from prekindergarten through high school including: state accountability and curriculum requirements; model programs to improve student achievement beginning in
early learning programs and continuing throughout high school; strategies for every student to achieve at
grade level such as intervention and support systems; and policies to improve student attendance and
retention.
Without
early intervention, trauma drives down academic performance and increases the likelihood of
grade retention.
Absenteeism in
early grades, including prekindergarten, can negatively impact future attendance,
retention, and academic performance.
What doesn't work: Explaining policies of
retention in the
early grades.
Research on the effects of
grade retention has generally concluded that, at least beyond the
early elementary
grades, its harms outweigh its purported benefits, in particular, being overage for
grade as a results of being held back eats away at students» sense of academic worth.
Early intervention can prevent problems from snowballing, and it represents a more promising option for addressing underachievement than either
retention or social promotion, the practice of passing students from
grade to
grade regardless of whether they have mastered the standards.
The long - term benefits of
early childhood education — including improved academic performance, reduced need for special education and
grade retention, higher high school graduation rates, and higher wages — necessitate greater investments.
Research also indicates that participants in high - quality child care and
early education programs may also experience lower levels of
grade retention and placement in special education classrooms.
Children enter school with different levels of skill, and these initial differences often affect children's subsequent language growth, cognitive development, literacy and academic achievement.6, 7,8 Children who exhibit delays at the onset of schooling are at risk for
early academic difficulties and are also more likely to experience
grade retention, special education placement, and failure to complete high school.9, 10,11
The
early identification of risk for
grade retention among African American children at risk for school difficulty