Sentences with phrase «early in vertebrate»

This complexity arose from two whole - genome duplications early in the vertebrate lineage.

From an evolutionary perspective, the findings reveal that sophisticated immune defense mechanisms in respiratory surfaces came about very early in vertebrate evolution.

She's now working on a new game, «Suddenly Cute,» in which players learn how small changes early in a vertebrate's embryonic development can lead to big differences in adults.

This supports the view that teeth evolved from scales, which arose much earlier in vertebrate evolution.»

Not exact matches

What do they know about the earliest vertebrate environment and some aspects of dermal skeletal tissue or the Opaque 2 function in maize?

«The broad picture,» Yau says, «is that the local pupillary light reflex appeared early in primitive vertebrates such as jawless fish, even before the brain got involved.

In «Evolution of the Eye,» Trevor Lamb draws together multiple lines of evidence to create a persuasive narrative for the early evolution of the vertebrate eye.

Describing the find at a meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, last month, Shimada speculated that the ancient tooth might have been washed downstream to Nebraska by floods, or carried as a ritual object by early humans.

The wandering cells are neural crest cells, which appear early in development in vertebrate embryos.

This evidence suggests that hard parts appeared in order to make the earliest vertebrates more efficient hunters and killers, says Purnell.

For her PhD, Viglietti studied the fossil - rich sediments present in the Karoo, deposited during the tectonic events that created the Gondwanides, and found that the vertebrate animals in the area started to either go extinct or become less common much earlier than what was previously thought.

A team led by Xing Xu at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing used computer software to examine evolutionary relationships among early birds and related dinosaurs, based on 374 skeletal characteristics.

With their proto - lungs and proto - limbs, lungfish represent the earliest stage in the evolution of air - breathing vertebrates.

Their findings suggest that even the earliest animals had the makings of both vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems, and that some of the photoreceptor cells in the invertebrate brain were transformed through a series of steps into vertebrate eyes.

When the researchers built an evolutionary tree from these comparative data, the amphioxus branched off earliest, followed by tunicates and larvaceans, with vertebrates being the most recent to evolve, the team reports 23 February in Nature.

«Our embryological research helps us understand exactly how the gill structures in early vertebrates such as Metaspriggina relate to the gills of living forms,» says Gillis.

The belief in five digits as an ancestral character has even extended to fossil reconstructions of Ichthyostega, one of the earliest terrestrial vertebrates from the Devonian (about 390 to 340 million years ago).

It seems far more likely that variation in early terrestrial vertebrates was honed down to five because this was an adequate number for scraping around on land.

«These findings demonstrate a single origin of gills that likely corresponds with a key stage in vertebrate evolution: when some of our earliest relatives transitioned from filtering particles out of water pumped through static bodies to actively swimming through the oceans,» says lead author Dr Andrew Gillis, a Royal Society University Research Fellow in Cambridge's Department of Zoology, and a Whitman Investigator at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, US.

«Deeper origin of gill evolution suggests «active lifestyle» link in early vertebrates.»

In addition, researchers assumed that the ancient equatorial regions were too hot for vertebrates to live during the Early Triassic.

In the early twentieth century, axolotls were central to understanding how organs develop and function in vertebrateIn the early twentieth century, axolotls were central to understanding how organs develop and function in vertebratein vertebrates.

It was widely ignored until Philippe Janvier cited my paper in the definitive book on early vertebrates.

I did field work in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and found ample evidence in the sediment — which contained early jawless fishes, some of the oldest fragments known — for signatures of freshwater deposits, [which suggest that the earliest vertebrates originated in freshwater streams and rivers].

A quarry in Strud, Belgium, that was excavated between 2004 and 2015 yielded fossils of multiple species of placoderms, which are extinct, armored fish that represent some of the earliest jawed vertebrates on Earth.

Lampreys may have gone parasitic early in the history of vertebrates and so have had a long time to evolve their vampiric specializations.

The last common ancestor of sharks and bony fishes probably didn't have gill arches arranged like those in modern sharks — which, in turn, suggests that the oldest known species of bony fishes can likely provide more information about the earliest jawed vertebrates (a group that today includes humans) than early chondrichthyans can, the researchers contend.

«In the case of placoderms like these, we're looking at some of the earliest jawed vertebrates,» Olive said.

In recent years, scientists have found that in vertebrates, including mammals, the earliest stages of segmentation are governed by a key set of genes, headed up by the so - called Notch genIn recent years, scientists have found that in vertebrates, including mammals, the earliest stages of segmentation are governed by a key set of genes, headed up by the so - called Notch genin vertebrates, including mammals, the earliest stages of segmentation are governed by a key set of genes, headed up by the so - called Notch gene.

«The scales of most fish that live today are very different from the ancient scales of early vertebrates,» says study author Dr Andrew Gillis from Cambridge's Department of Zoology and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole.

Schoppmeier and his colleagues are now trying to determine whether Notch and related genes turn on and off in the same fashion in early spider embryos as they do in vertebrates.

This armour would have perhaps peaked some 400 million years ago in now - extinct jawless vertebrate species, as protection against predation by ferocious sea scorpions, or even their early jawed kin.

All previous fossil evidence for these earliest known four - limbed vertebrates has been found in river deltas and lakes.

In many vertebrates, ranging from fish to early synapsids (ancestors of mammals), denticles are commonly found in dense concentrations on the bones of the hard palate (roof of the mouthIn many vertebrates, ranging from fish to early synapsids (ancestors of mammals), denticles are commonly found in dense concentrations on the bones of the hard palate (roof of the mouthin dense concentrations on the bones of the hard palate (roof of the mouth).

Philippe Janvier — Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Breaking through the mineral ceiling: Early fossil vertebrate anatomy in the light of new technologies

«There are few representatives of these early branches in vertebrate evolution that are still around today,» Coates said, which is why so much scientific attention has been paid to lampreys.

Just like the opsins were multiplied and evolved distinct functions in early vertebrate evolution, also the transducins and their target enzyme were duplicated and diverged to separate functions.

Tail use improves soft substrate performance in models of early vertebrate land locomotors.

According to the study, published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology on Tuesday, after the dinosaurs died out 66 million years ago, the Earth experienced an extremely warm period called the Early Eocene about 53 million to 50 million years ago, during which period, North American mammal communities were quite distinct from the ones that exist today.

Early in development, the vertebrate heart is transformed from a narrow tube into a powerful four - chambered pump.

A new study from SciLifeLab / Uppsala University published in PLOS ONE shows that genes crucial for vision were multiplied in the early stages of vertebrate evolution and acquired distinct functions leading to the sophisticated mechanisms of vertebrate eyes.

The non-BMP body side will be dorsal (d) in vertebrate and ventral (v) in annelid, reflecting inversion of body posture in early chordate evolution (35).

By looking for cell populations that would resemble the vertebrate chordamesoderm (a population of mesodermal midline cells that converge medially to give rise to the notochord; red in Fig. 1A), we identified segmental pairs of mesodermal cells on the non — bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) body side (5) that stood out by early and continuous expression of colA1, encoding collagen type A (Fig. 2, A to D).

Since the discovery of well - preserved fossils of an early Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur from Tanba in August 2006, our museum saff have been engaging themselves to excavation of dinosaur and other Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from this and adjacent regions, as well as academic studies on the resultant materials.

They report that the genes encoding the different subunits of PDE6 in cones and rods arose from ancestral genes that duplicated in the early vertebrate genome doublings, and further expanded in teleosts due to the extra genome duplication that took place in this lineage.

«Drosophila approximates many of the fundamental mechanisms of early development in vertebrates,» Bonini says.

In a study published Friday in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, paleontologists report the discovery of a partially - preserved skeleton of one of the earliest known elasmosaurs, from the Early Cretaceous (130 million years ago) of GermanIn a study published Friday in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, paleontologists report the discovery of a partially - preserved skeleton of one of the earliest known elasmosaurs, from the Early Cretaceous (130 million years ago) of Germanin the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, paleontologists report the discovery of a partially - preserved skeleton of one of the earliest known elasmosaurs, from the Early Cretaceous (130 million years ago) of Germany.

So the research suggests that in the early evolution of vertebrates, one key to survival was the recognition of the presence of other animals that could be harmful, or could be harvested.