If, as many researchers believe,
early modern humans replaced the Neanderthals in Western Asia and Europe between 45 000 and 30 000 years ago, rather than evolved from them, the Levantine early moderns should show signs of «human» social and cultural behaviour distinct from that of the Neanderthals.
Neandertals arose in Europe and Asia as
early as 250,000 years ago, and for most of that time they had Eurasia to themselves — until, that is,
modern humans came in and
replaced them.