These results taken together suggest that earnings quality issues might be underlying both the mispricing and risk based explanations for the value premium and that combining
earnings quality measures with the value and growth stock returns helps reconcile the conflicting evidence on the rationale for the value premium.
Return on assets and other
earnings quality measures are considered when determining allocations.
It's like
an earnings quality measure.
Not exact matches
a)
Quality of
Earnings measures how reported accounting income compares to the economic earnings of the stocks in the sector / i
Earnings measures how reported accounting income compares to the economic
earnings of the stocks in the sector / i
earnings of the stocks in the sector / industry.
The Magic Formula diverges from Graham's strategy by exchanging for Graham's absolute price and
quality measures (i.e. price - to -
earnings ratio below 10, and debt - to - equity ratio below 50 percent) a ranking system that seeks those stocks with the best combination of price and
quality more akin to Buffett's value investing philosophy.
a)
Quality of
Earnings measures how reported accounting income compares to the economic earnings of the stocks in t
Earnings measures how reported accounting income compares to the economic
earnings of the stocks in t
earnings of the stocks in the fund.
The conclusions of this emerging body of research are clear: education
quality, as
measured by test scores, is positively related to the
earnings of individuals, national productivity, and economic growth.
• A different Chetty study reports that «students who were randomly assigned to higher -
quality classrooms in grades K — 3 — as
measured by classmates» end - of - class test scores — have higher
earnings, college attendance rates, and other outcomes.»
And even in the imaginary world in which VAM is used, learning growth on math and reading tests only captures a narrow portion of school
quality, which is why those
measures are not consistent predictors of later life outcomes, like graduation, college attendance, and
earnings.
Confidence in gross findings can be developed by replication, by averaging results over several time periods, and by using several
measures of the development of human capital — not tests alone, but also attendance rates, dropout rates, and promotion rates (a very high -
quality assessment will track indicators of human capital such as post-secondary school
earnings and higher - education outcomes as well).
Recent research has shown that high -
quality early - childhood education has large impacts on outcomes such as college completion and adult
earnings, but no study has identified the long - term impacts of teacher
quality as
measured by value added.
Students of higher - VA teachers also attend higher -
quality colleges, as
measured by the average
earnings of previous graduates of those colleges.
Our data on students» adult outcomes include
earnings, college attendance, college
quality (
measured by the
earnings of previous graduates of the same college), neighborhood
quality (
measured by the percentage of college graduates in their zip code), teenage birth rates for females (
measured by claiming a dependent born when the woman was still a teenager), and retirement savings (
measured by contributions to 401 [k] plans).
Below, we translate the
measured impacts of the Chicago CPC program into estimates of how public investment in a universal, high -
quality, prekindergarten program would affect future government finances, the economy,
earnings, and crime and health, using the attenuations described above for children from middle - and upper - income families, and for children who in its absence would have attended some other preschool.
(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to apply different standards of compensation, or different terms, conditions, or privileges of employment pursuant to a bona fide seniority or merit system, or a system which
measures earnings by quantity or
quality of production or to employees who work in different locations, provided that such differences are not the result of an intention to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, nor shall it be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to give and to act upon the results of any professionally developed ability test provided that such test, its administration or action upon the results is not designed, intended or used to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
For example, the
quality of the covenants protecting lenders has been declining for some time and «add - backs» — which allow issuers to inflate some
measures of
earnings and thus creditworthiness — are on the rise.
We create a Global Blend Rank by ranking our global universe of over 15,000 companies in terms of both their Value (across range of metrics based on dividends,
earnings, cash flow, assets and sales) and
Quality (based on
measures of profitability, stability and financial strength).
Note that JNJ's varying price does not reflect its
quality or consistency of
measures like ROE or
earnings growth that we saw above.
quality is deduced based on these indicators — profitability, profit growth, low risk in terms of return - based
measures and stability of
earnings, and high payout and / or conservative investment policy, and therefore can be
measured and analyzed.
We did not include
quality measures related to the
quality of corporate governance or practitioner - oriented
measures of investment
quality, e.g.,
earnings - to - price ratios or low volatility.
The team applies
measures such as profitability,
earnings quality, management
quality and
earnings revisions to identify high -
quality companies at attractive valuations.
We use a generic
measure of
earnings quality, i.e.
earnings variability, and consider several alternative
measures (e.g. accruals
quality, abnormal accruals) in additional analysis.
Then, those companies are further screened based on
measures of financial
quality such as return - on - equity,
earnings variability and debt - to - equity.
It also aims for companies that have reasonable
earnings quality, reviewing a number of accounting summary
measures that tend to correlate with good stock performance.
The provisions do not apply if a difference in wages among similarly situated employees is due to (a) a seniority system; (b) a merit system; (c) a system that
measures earnings by quantity or
quality of production; or (d) another factor justifying the difference on objective grounds.
By
measuring quantity and
quality of production and including the results in employee
earnings or wage incentive plans
Exceptions apply for seniority or merit systems, systems
measuring earnings by quantity or
quality of production, or factors other than sex or employment status.
It also addresses the exceptions where differences in rate of pay are permitted due to a seniority system, a merit system or a system that
measures earnings by production quantity or
quality.