To filter out such background noise, IceCube's designers have used
the earth as a shield, pointing the sensors downward and looking right through the planet toward the sky over the Northern Hemisphere.
The physicists realized that they could use
the Earth itself as a shield.
Not exact matches
If it wasn't for the heat
shield, we could not have ICBM's
as they rely on them to re-enter the
earth's atmosphere... these do exist.
Furthermore, the cosmic -
earth order needs to be supplemented by the entire historical order of human development such
as was depicted on the
shield of Achilles by Homer and on the
shield of Aeneas by Virgil.
«New study challenges Jupiter's role
as planetary
shield, protecting
Earth from comet impacts.»
For the most part, the magnetosphere acts
as a
shield to protect
Earth from this high - energy solar activity.
We didn't know how to build a heat
shield to protect a spaceship
as it went through
Earth's atmosphere.
Earth's magnetosphere extends over a radius of a million kilometers, which acts
as the first line of defence,
shielding us from the continuous flow of solar and galactic cosmic rays, thus protecting life on our planet from these high intensity energetic radiations.
The answers could lead to a better appreciation of
Earth's magnetic
shield as well.
«
As we continue to gather data from the edges of the heliosphere, this data will help us better understand the interstellar boundary that helps
shield Earth environment from harmful cosmic rays.»
Likewise, on Mir and the International Space Station, they have largely been
shielded by
Earth's magnetic field (except in a small, quirky patch of orbit above Brazil known
as the South Atlantic Anomaly).
Many of them rely on high - purity materials such
as liquid xenon and germanium crystals, cooled to low temperatures and placed in deep mines to
shield the devices from the continuous spray of ordinary particles that strike
Earth's atmosphere.
The ozone layer helps
shield Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation that can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and suppress immune systems,
as well
as damage plants.
Building the instrument required solving a host of engineering problems, ranging from dealing with a remote, barely accessible site,
shielding the dish from radio frequency interference that would drown out the signals from cosmic objects, and developing a first - of - its - kind method to pull a portion of the spherical dish into a gradually moving paraboloid to aim at and track astronomical targets
as Earth rotates.
Earth's magnetic field is crucial for our existence,
as it
shields the life on our planet's surface from deadly cosmic rays.
Clouds have a vital role that few people appreciate: their overall effect is
as a global heat
shield, reflecting sunlight that would otherwise bake the
Earth and obliterate life.
Earth's fragile
shield of ozone is under assault by CFCs, substances once used widely
as refrigerants, propellants, and foam - blowing agents.
Earth's magnetic field
shields us from deadly cosmic radiation, and without it, life
as we know it could not exist here.
Radar observations find that about 80 percent of the surface is covered by lava flows with a few Australia - size uplands of two to five km (1.2 to 3.1 miles) high, and there are large
shield volcanoes that rise above the plains
as high
as 11 km (6.8 miles)-- higher than Mount Everest's eight km (five miles) above
Earth sea - level.
As volcanic ash
shields the
Earth from solar radiation, unusually cool temperatures rose, leading to famines and plagues.
Early
Earth lacked an ozone layer to act
as a
shield against high - energy solar radiation, but microbes flourished by adapting to or finding other forms of protection from the higher ultraviolet radiation levels.
Situated atop a bedrock of all - powerful vibranium, Wakanda has developed technology that positions it far ahead of the rest of
Earth — flying cars and everything — but to protect its people from colonial predations, the country's rulers have cloaked their cities and marvels behind invisible
shields, the better to pose
as «just another» Third World nation.
However, starring
as the
shield throwing superhero isn't the first time the actor has answered the call when the
earth is in trouble after starring
as Johnny Storm aka Human Torch in Fox's «Fantastic Four» and «Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer».
In these works is a world rich in symbolism: metals are personified (Iron
as Mars, God of War and Silver
as Hecate, Goddess of the Moon); circles can signify
shields, mandalas, clocks, compasses, sundials, and the
earth; letters and points in abstract constellations are determined by the Golden Section and Jarry's own notions of mathematical formulas; and the body becomes a world of proportions, formulas, and erotic riddles.
Changes in the solar magnetic
shielding of the
Earth can affect the production rate of 14CO, requiring a correction, and exchange with the stratosphere is important, but the competing source / sink problems do not appear to be
as severe
as they are for methyl chloroform.
The whole issue is that any level above what is often called the «effective radiating level» (say, at ~ 255 K on
Earth) should start to cool
as atmospheric CO2 increases, since the layers above this height are being
shielded more strongly from upwelling radiation... except not quite, because convection distributes heating higher than this level, the stratosphere marks the point where convection gives out and there is high static stability.
The key factor isn't changes in solar output, but rather changes in the sun's magnetosphere A stronger field
shields the
earth more from cosmic rays, which act
as «seeds» for cloud formation.
As the
earth's magnetic
shield varies, so the cloud cover varies.
The moon, for example, is much cooler than the
Earth, but
as you noted, it radiates energy because it's temperature is above zero K. Certainly you are not suggesting that the
Earth has some «smart
shield» around it that redirects the radiation from the moon, but lets the sun's radiation in.
Most of the rural cities in my state show no warming at all since 1890 - 1895 when the records began but this is but one area and maybe it has some special properties that protect it, or
shield it, from this assumed increase in accumulated global energy (therefore a raising of temperature) but in physics I learned that is not possible over a century of time even in a system even
as large
as the entire
Earth.
The
Earth's temperature has warmed in the modern era
as a consequence of the strong solar activity during the 20th century (the Modern Maximum)
shielding cosmic ray intensification and thus reducing decadal - scale cloud cover, which leads to warming via an increase in absorbed surface solar radiation (
as illustrated here by Ogurtsov et al., 2012 and detailed by Avakyan, 2013, McLean, 2014, and others).
He theorizes that the
Earth's temperature has warmed in the modern era
as a consequence of the strong solar activity during the 20th century (the Modern Maximum)
shielding cosmic ray intensification and thus reducing decadal - scale cloud cover, which leads to warming via an increase in absorbed surface solar radiation (
as illustrated here by Ogurtsov et al., 2012 and detailed by Avakyan, 2013, McLean, 2014, and others).
As many of you will know, and perhaps recall from living memory, alarm bells started ringing when pioneering research by a group of brilliant chemists (Frank Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen, who were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1995) showed that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a family of chemicals used in many everyday applications such as refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosols, were destroying the ozone molecules which make up the protective layer shielding Earth from the sun's harmful ray
As many of you will know, and perhaps recall from living memory, alarm bells started ringing when pioneering research by a group of brilliant chemists (Frank Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen, who were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1995) showed that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a family of chemicals used in many everyday applications such
as refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosols, were destroying the ozone molecules which make up the protective layer shielding Earth from the sun's harmful ray
as refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosols, were destroying the ozone molecules which make up the protective layer
shielding Earth from the sun's harmful rays.
Due to the relative weakness of
Earth's geomagnetic
shielding in this region, cloud changes over such a location are tantalizing
as FD events have the potential to induce maximum changes in atmospheric ionization.