Sentences with phrase «eastern equatorial»

BSTRACT Tropical Pacific Ocean dynamics during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are poorly characterized due to lack of evidence from the eastern equatorial Pacific.

But we argue here that only small (2 nM) increases in the iron concentration in source waters of the upwelling Equatorial Undercurrent are needed to fuel intense diatom production across the entire eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.

That transfer of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere gives rise to extraordinary rainfall in the normally dry eastern equatorial Pacific.

Reduced equatorial cloud cover during La Nina (due to the cooler sea surface temperature), combined with the strong upwelling (Ekman suction) in the eastern equatorial Pacific, does indeed lead to greater warming of the ocean - because it's bringing cool subsurface water to the surface, where it can be heated by the sun.

When sea surface temperature changes — or anomalies — in the eastern equatorial Pacific exceed a certain threshold, it becomes an El Niño.

It's unclear whether this year's strong El Niño event, which is a naturally occurring phenomenon that typically occurs every two to seven years where the surface water of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean warms, has had any impact on the Arctic sea ice minimum extent.

Internationally, La Niña impacts during the Northern Hemisphere winter typically include enhanced rainfall across Indonesia and northern Australia, as well as in the Amazon Basin and in southeastern Africa and below - average rainfall across the eastern half of the equatorial Pacific and eastern equatorial Africa.

Here we show that accounting for recent cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific reconciles climate simulations and observations.

Warm water pooled in the central Pacific instead of the eastern equatorial Pacific, bringing stronger waves and higher sea levels to the West Coast.

Yu Kosaka and Shang - Ping Xie show that the warming hiatus, including most of its seasonal and spatial aspects, can be resolved when observations of recently observed cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific are directly incorporated into a climate model.

To reach their findings, the team examined ocean sediment cores and found that over the past 100,000 years, at least 8 «pulses» of iron have penetrated the eastern equatorial Pacific.

The white areas off the Tropical Western coasts of northern South and all Central America as well as along the Central - eastern equatorial and Southeastern Pacific Ocean indicate the pool of warm water.

Hence, it appears that hurricane activity was more frequent in the first half of the last millennium when tropical Atlantic SSTs were warmer and eastern equatorial Pacific SSTs were cooler than in subsequent centuries.

One is that the Keeling Curve is a manufactured curve with a reconstituted mean and variability, coupled with the fact that MLO is in the plume of major CO2 outgassing from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, and the plume likely wanders across the island with the prevailing wind.

Seas in the eastern equatorial Pacific grew warmer, attracting more fish.

Ocean temperatures tied with 2006 as the fifth warmest on record, and a warming trend in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific signals a coming El Nino event, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center stated.

Have Z & C considered the fact that MLO lies in the exhaust plume of massive oceanic outgassing in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, and that Keeling cautioned against relying on measurements near sources or sinks?

Yu, J. - Y., and C. R. Mechoso, 1999: Links between annual variations of Peruvian stratus clouds and of SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific.

The monsoonal precipitation in Mexico and Central America is projected to decrease in association with increasing precipitation over the eastern equatorial Pacific that affects Walker Circulation and local Hadley Circulation changes (Figure 10.9).

1996: On the Annual Cycle of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.

After global mean temperatures stabilise, the faster warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific persists.»

It looks like there's a cold spot in the eastern equatorial Pacific, about 120W, but I would expect a stronger signal in the NINO3.4 region with the SPCZ that high.

Note the seasonal spike of 2 - 3 + C above average for the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.

According to data from the Ocean Surface Topography Mission / Jason 2 satellite, ocean temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific are significantly warmer than usual due to slowing trade winds.

The fossil - coral oxygen isotopic records (δ18O) from Palmyra Island present similar, and climatologically consistent, changes to the Southwest PDSI variance over time, including decreased mean state of ENSO in the MCA (a cooler eastern equatorial Pacific) and more intense ENSO in the LIA, particularly during the mid-seventeenth century.

Central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies rise.

Three new reconstructions of SST in the eastern Equatorial Pacific (Figure 2.29) that use optimum interpolation methods exhibit strong similarities.

The trade winds are driven by the SST differences between the Pacific Warm Pool and the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, and vice versa.

«The authors write that «the notorious tropical bias problem in climate simulations of global coupled general circulation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC assessment report models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).»

Refer back to Figure 8, which includes the correlation maps from Trenberth et al (2002), and note that there are areas of the global oceans outside of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific that warm and cool in response to ENSO events.

We apply this technique at 1000 m water depth in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific during seven 200 - year Holocene intervals.

«The authors write that «the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation,» whereby «on a timescale of two to seven years, the eastern equatorial Pacific climate varies between anomalously cold (La Niña) and warm (El Niño) conditions,» and that «these swings in temperature are accompanied by changes in the structure of the subsurface ocean, variability in the strength of the equatorial easterly trade winds, shifts in the position of atmospheric convection, and global teleconnection patterns associated with these changes that lead to variations in rainfall and weather patterns in many parts of the world,» which end up affecting «ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater supplies, hurricanes and other severe weather events worldwide.»»

«Large portions of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and parts of the Atlantic Ocean had record warm temperatures,» the agency added.

The area shown in your graph reinforces my point, the area in contention is continually above normal in reference to SST anomalies which promotes lower pressures in that region compared to the eastern equatorial pacific.

That process releases warm water from below the surface of the PWP, shifts it to the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, releases heat there through evaporation, which causes changes in atmospheric circulation, in turn causing SST outside of the tropical Pacific to vary.

Also, Vostok sits inside the CO2 sink of Antarctic waters while MLO sits in the plume of the massive outgassing from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, and Keeling himself warned about the use of such data.

The models make atmospheric CO2 concentration the cause of warming, but fail to account for either the solubility effect of CO2 in water, the intense outgassing in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, or the effects of climatologists» formula for the residence time of atmospheric CO2 (it's quite short - lived (~ 1.5 years), not long - lived (decades to centuries), and its lumpy in the atmosphere, not global).

It is often measured by the surface pressure anomaly difference between Darwin and Tahiti and the sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.

Here we show that accounting for recent cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific reconciles climate simulations and observations.We present a novel method of uncovering mechanisms for global temperature change by prescribing, in addition to radiative forcing, the observed history of sea surface temperature over the central to eastern tropical Pacific in a climate model.

Much of the blame can be attributed to a recurring climate pattern known as La Nina, which emerges every few years as surface waters chill in the eastern equatorial Pacific.

The thermocline doesn't switch the same way as during the classical La Niña because this one raises at the Eastern Equatorial Pacific to sink at the West while during its cousin the thermocline raises at the center of equatorial Pacific Ocean and sinks at each end of the Pacific.»

It seems that the El Niño - related warmer sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific in late winter cause deep convection patterns to shift eastward.

Location of the stations used for the Southern Oscillation Index (Tahiti and Darwin, black dots), the Equatorial Southern Oscillation Index (eastern equatorial Pacific and Indonesia regions, outlined in blue), and the Niño3.4 region in the east - central tropical Pacific Ocean for sea surface temperature (red dashed line).

Lastly, we note that inspection of the September to December temperature anomaly maps clearly reveal the developing La Niña conditions as a cold pattern in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.

ENSO is often measured by the difference in surface pressure anomalies between Tahiti and Darwin and the SSTs in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.

These indices represent only the sea surface temperature of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (that's modified in the case of the MEI).

The team measured trace elements and stable isotopes in stalagmites from the Indonesian island of Flores and used them to reconstruct ancient rainfall, comparing them to records from East Asia and the central - eastern equatorial Pacific.

Drushka, K., J. Sprintall, and S. T. Gille, 2014: Subseasonal variations in salinity and barrier - layer thickness in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Geophys.

Kosaka and Xie 2013, in which a climate model is manipulated by restoring temperatures to observations in the eastern equatorial Pacific.

Paleo - proxy reconstructions indicate that a lower insolation due to volcanic aerosols (or else) leads to a lower east - west SST gradient / a higher eastern equatorial SST / a higher El Nino variability?