Preferred habitat: along streams, edges of woods + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: deciduous + + + + Soil conditions: loam, clay + + + + Light conditions: dappled shade to partial sun + + + + Plant spacing: 5 to 6 feet + + + + Wildlife value: the fruit is a favorite of many birds; in summer its thick foliage provides good escape and shelter cover, as well as nesting sites, hark often used in nest building; fruit attracts the following birds: Mourning Dove; Red - bellied and Red - headed Woodpeckers,
Eastern Kingbird; Blue Jay, Great Crested Flycatcher, Tufted Titmouse, Mockingbird, Gray Catbird, Brown Thrasher, American Robin, Wood, Hermit, Gray - cheeked, and Swanson's Thrushes,
Eastern Bluebird, Red - eyed Virea, Yellow - breasted Chat, House and Fox Sparrows, Orchard and Northern Orioles, Scarlet and Summer Tanagers, Cardinal, Purple Finch, American
Goldfinch, Rufous - sided Towhee