Known as «delayed onset muscle soreness» (DOMS), we typically experience these pains when
eccentric muscle activity is involved and the contracting muscles are forcibly lengthened.1 This mechanical stress triggers an inflammatory response and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Not exact matches
There are 3 phases of
muscle activity when doing an exercise: concentric (when the
muscle shortens), isometric (when the
muscle is static and held in place under tension) and
eccentric (when the
muscle lengthens).
During the leg press with low foot placement, both narrow and wide stances produced superior gastrocnemius
muscle activity during the concentric portion compared to the
eccentric portion.
Comparing the face - pull exercise, the researchers found no difference in trapezius
muscle activity during the concentric or
eccentric phases.
In contrast, there was no difference in gastrocnemius
muscle activity between the concentric and
eccentric phases when performing the narrow stance high foot placement.
In contrast, with the same absolute load (load lifted in both movements equal to 90 % of overhead squat), there was no difference in gastrocnemius
muscle activity during the concentric phase yet greater
muscle activity during the
eccentric phase when performing the overhead squat.
During the
eccentric phase, both the medial and lateral gastrocnemius displayed superior
muscle activity during the lock - out and mid-range, compared to the lift - off position.
In agreement, Reid et al. (2011) compared
eccentric plantar flexion with the knee fully extended and during a flexed position and reported superior gastrocnemius
muscle activity during plantar flexion with full knee extension and no difference in soleus
muscle activity.
However, upper trapezius
muscle activity during the
eccentric portion was superior during the 200 % compared to all conditions, as well as superior
muscle activity during the 100 % condition compared with the 50 % condition.
No difference in
muscle activity in the
eccentric phase existed.
The
eccentric component of muscular
activity leads to much greater
muscle damage / homeostatic disruption than the concentric aspect (which, just as an aside, might be why swimming doesn't tend to lead to significant soreness or conspicuous
muscle development).
Stretching won't effect
muscle elasticity during
eccentric activities which is when most injury occurs.
Effect of
eccentric and concentric
muscle conditioning on tension and electrical
activity of human
muscle.
Sandhu et al. (2008) found that the triceps
muscle activity was only greater during the
eccentric rather than concentric portion of the press up with the hands on a swiss ball compared to on a bench.
Furthermore, Van den Tillaar & Ettema (2009) found that the anterior deltoid
muscle activity increased more substantially from the
eccentric action to the pre-sticking period of the concentric action in successful compared with unsuccessful 1RM attempts.
The researchers recorded a little more electrical
activity in the
muscles during both the concentric and
eccentric movements.