Andrew G. Keeler, who until June 2001 was on the president's Council of Economic Advisers and has since returned to teaching at the University of Georgia, said the Clinton administration had also played with
economic calculations of the costs of curbing carbon dioxide emissions, in its case to show that limiting emissions would not be expensive.
Politicians and business leaders must make full
economic calculations of the impact of the new Little Ice Age on everything — industry, agriculture, living conditions, development.
And though
the economic calculation of bang for the buck will likely first be made by governments and quasi-governmental agencies charged with assessing the merits of this or that A2J solution, corporations can count too and, bless them, exist for no other purpose than to maximize their bottom lines, leading, as it almost always does, to «good enough» approaches to the solution of difficulty.
Not exact matches
According to the World
Economic Forum, two thirds
of OECD countries have introduced policies on pay equality, including requiring some employers to publish
calculations every year showing the gender pay gap.
If real GDP were to increase at 10.3 % instead
of 2.5 % in 2015, then the government should receive, at a minimum, an extra $ 6.6 billion in tax revenue thanks to
economic growth (this
calculation assumes that nominal GDP grows at the same proportion as real GDP; it is more likely that nominal GDP would rise even higher as such quick
economic growth would be inflationary, pushing that $ 6.6 billion figure even higher).
Applying the lower
of these two weighted - average
calculations (24 percentage points) to Canada's existing automotive manufacturing footprint (and assuming that the dislocation for Canada's industry is only proportional to the overall North American shrinkage, an assumption which is probably optimistic), allows us to generate an estimate
of the potential scale
of economic loss if the U.S. - Japan rules were implemented.
All in, a back
of the envelope
calculation suggests that Amazon contributed a little under 5 %
of the Seattle region's
economic output during this period.
The previous post presented Hayek's knowledge problem in the context
of the
economic calculation debate under socialism.
Additional services include arbitrage rebate
calculations,
economic analysis, negotiations
of private activity financing, structuring Urban Enterprise Zone loans and other special services
of this type.
See full details on every
calculation and adjustment we make, with complete reconciliations
of our
economic metrics back to reported GAAP values.
The efficient frontier
calculation, based on the recent five years, takes into the account the poor performance
of European assets during the
economic downturn.
In the 50,000 10 - Ks reviewed by New Constructs, we have almost never seen as clear an articulation
of the focus on
economic earnings nor as much detail on the
calculations.
A report by the White House Council
of Economic Advisers is the first official
calculation of the tax framework's impact and its focus on cutting corporate rates underscores how central that effort is to the administration's overall plan.
At the same time, Ludwig von Mises published an article in 1920 called «
Economic Calculation in the Socialist Society» and a 1922 book, Socialism: An
Economic and Sociological Analysis, arguing that comprehensive central planning
of the economy would be disastrous because central planners lacked market prices and market institutions to inform their actions, hence they would waste resources on a vast and even fatal scale.
Röpke's approach recognizes the objective aspects
of the
economic science but insists that normative values lie at its core; a healthy polity must move beyond
calculations of utility if it is to uphold just and humane
economic institutions.
In any case, as transportation costs rise, even narrowly
economic calculations will cease to count in favor
of the present globalized system.
«14
Economic activity is governed by
calculations of profit, reward, and competition, not by principles
of unselfish service.
But
calculations of this sort play very little role in
economic theory and practice.
The students Brooks examined in 2001, who had entered adolescence after the fall
of the Berlin Wall, spent their formative years in a world predicted by Francis Fukuyama in 1992: «The struggle for recognition, the willingness to risk one's life for a purely abstract goal, the worldwide ideological struggle that called forth daring, courage, imagination, and idealism, will be replaced by
economic calculation, the endless solving
of technical problems, environmental concerns, and the satisfaction
of sophisticated consumer demands.»
Already at the end
of the nineteenth century, Thorstein Veblen argued that consumption isn't merely a matter
of rational
economic calculation.
In the WABA ’98 Action Sheet, WABA cautions that «
economic calculations underestimate the larger value
of breastfeeding.
The economy in TVP is in fact planned but fully expects the use
of advanced computer systems to do the
economic calculation since otherwise this task is - as it is well known - considered impracticable in complexity.
An aide to DiNapoli said questions remain regarding the timetable for ams» promised investment, a full accounting
of the state's previous investments at the site (some infrastructure has been built by Mohawk Valley EDGE, an
economic development authority) and a
calculation on the total return on the investment.
By means
of building simulations and advanced
calculation models, the researchers came to the conclusion that using plenty
of energy is both an
economic and an environmental advantage, while it is also inexpensive and green.
What's more, the
calculations do not include the extra work people can do if they live longer or the costs
of caring for people suffering from pollution - related disease, so the
economic benefits are likely underestimated.
The researchers point out that their
calculations did not include the health and
economic harms caused by second hand smoke or smokeless forms
of tobacco, and that their estimates
of lost productivity applied only to those who were economically active.
«It's a delay
of economic growth but it is not sacrificing
economic growth,» Edenhofer noted, adding that this
calculation does not take into account related benefits, such as a reduction in deadly air pollution and saved human lives, or salvaged nature.
Economists and scientists developed the
calculation to give policymakers a better idea
of the
economic benefits
of cutting methane emissions.
But the estimated
economic cost
of this differs wildly between the US and the EU because
of the
calculations used.
The
calculation model the authors used includes
economic benefits for producers and consumers as well as the benefits
of reduced malnutrition among subsistence farm - households often not explicitly considered in previous studies.
For their
calculations of economic impact, the authors estimate the expected growth
of a state's economy if the current knowledge capital
of workers were to remain unchanged and compare this growth path to the one that would be achieved with better schools.
The results
of such
calculations, using standard
economic assumptions and actuarial survivor probabilities, are shown in Figure 1, where we plot the growth
of pension wealth over the career cycle for a typical educator in Missouri under three different promotion scenarios, in 2012 dollars.
Strong teachers, by our
calculations, can lead us to the top
of the world rankings — and gain us the commensurate
economic performance.
The latter statistic represents the «pipeline»
of those ready for college and the 21st century workplace, is a more realistic measure
of educational success and the challenge we face than any «dropout»
calculation might indicate, and does not bode well, not only for our
economic competitiveness, but for the future
of responsible democratic citizenship.
Quantitative Analysis is referred to as the
economic, business or financial analysis that aims to predict or understand behaviour or events through the use
of mathematical measurements and
calculations, statistical modelling and research.
Interestingly enough, E.on presents its own «
economic financial debt»
calculation on page 45
of the annual report, including pensions etc.:
There's also quantitative analysis which, with the help
of computer programs, statistics and mathematical
calculations analyses certain
economic variables in order to identify trends.
However, backtested data may reflect the application
of the index methodology with the benefit
of hindsight, and the historical
calculations of an index may change from month to month based on revisions to the underlying
economic data used in the
calculation of the index.
Monetary
calculation only has meaning within the sphere
of economic organization.
Those pushing for a rising price (via a tax or cap) on emissions make the
economic case that as long as the environmental costs
of burning fossil fuels (or cutting forests) aren't reflected in the accounting
calculations driving those activities, «burn baby burn» will remain business as usual.
Nobel Prize - winning economist Kenneth Arrow wrote recently that «These
calculations [on costs and benefits
of slowing global warming] indicate that, even with higher discounting, The Stern Review's estimates
of future benefits and costs imply that mitigation makes
economic sense.»
It seems obvious, but the
economic calculation has to be reset to account for the environment — it is just incorrect, economically, to not have the true cost to the environment, to world species, part
of every equation.
Of course, it is a tremendously complex calculation - lumping all the complexity of an economic cost and benefits calculation on top of the complexity of the climate - but to me this information is essential to work out priorities between competing policies, both among climate change policies and between CC and other sources of human happines
Of course, it is a tremendously complex
calculation - lumping all the complexity
of an economic cost and benefits calculation on top of the complexity of the climate - but to me this information is essential to work out priorities between competing policies, both among climate change policies and between CC and other sources of human happines
of an
economic cost and benefits
calculation on top
of the complexity of the climate - but to me this information is essential to work out priorities between competing policies, both among climate change policies and between CC and other sources of human happines
of the complexity
of the climate - but to me this information is essential to work out priorities between competing policies, both among climate change policies and between CC and other sources of human happines
of the climate - but to me this information is essential to work out priorities between competing policies, both among climate change policies and between CC and other sources
of human happines
of human happiness.
As usual with intricate, headache - inducing
calculations that involve the global carbon budget, the researchers had to think about the
economic costs
of such steps, and factor in the most cost - effective solutions.
Now the Obama Administration is unleashing a host
of new mandates and standards, based on arbitrary «social cost
of carbon»
calculations that assume fossil fuel use imposes numerous climate and other costs, but brings minimal or no
economic or societal benefits.
Benestad also noted a post from climate blogger Tim Lambert, who pointed out an error in the
calculation of area weighting (a mixup
of radians and degrees) that almost doubled the portion
of warming trend attributed by McKitrick to
economic factors, despite McKitrick's claim that the correction «hardly changed the results» (hat tip to Frank O'Dwyer).
These global climate models typically receive inputs from neoclassical
economic and human demographic models for
calculations of future greenhouse gas emissions.
His March 28 executive order «promoting energy independence and
economic growth» rescinded the Obama administration's
calculation of the «social cost
of carbon» — a metric that had been central to the process
of crafting and justifying government rules addressing human - driven climate change.
The University
of Earth, Urgent Action Series: COP 21 Paris 2015: Dr Georg Kaser
of Innsbruck University, an expert in glaciers and global warming, explains the uncertainty
calculation, a scientific tool needed to gather reliable results, and anthropogenic forcing, which is a change in the Earth's energy balance due to human
economic activities.
By the way, my
economic calculations are heavily informed by the Economist, which
of course doesn't make them right.