Sentences with phrase «economic competition measures»

Not exact matches

For Term 2, 2018, it covers resource allocation, production possibility curves, market and mixed economic systems • demand and supply analysis • price elasticity • market failure • social and private costs and benefits, business organization, costs and revenue •, costs and revenue, competition, inflation and deflation • employment and unemployment • GDP, economic growth and recession • GDP and other measures of living standards etc..

The study, which was featured in the August 2010 issue of the Economic Journal, systemically measured the causal impact of private school competition across countries.

Spurred by concerns about international competition, economic troubles, and a perceived stagnation or regression in student performance outlined by the now famous 1983 report, A Nation at Risk, the standards debate gained new life as politicians looked for ways to clarify goals, measure progress, and hold schools accountable.

It follows that if inequality of opportunity between economic operators, and thus distorted competition, is the result of a State measure, such a measure constitutes an infringement of Article 86 (1) EC [now Article 106 (1) TFEU] read together with Article 82 EC [now Article 102 TFEU](see the judgment in Connect Austria, EU: C: 2003:297, paragraph 84).

To summarise (at the risk of oversimplifying), there are two main positions in this debate: Those who believe that public policy goals can only be taken into account within EU competition law to the extent that those goals can be measured in economic terms and contribute to maximizing consumer welfare (Amato, Odudu).

In that respect, the difference, in this case, focuses primarily on the question whether the Commission had to identify an actual or potential abuse of the dominant position by the applicant, or whether it was sufficient for it to establish that the State measures in question distorted competition by creating an inequality of opportunities between economic operators, in favour of the applicant.