In his landmark 1966 report «Equality of Educational Opportunity,» sociologist James S. Coleman suggested that socio -
economic segregation of schools contributed to variation in learning but that factors such as facilities and spending mattered little.
Difference is, the Sheff efforts are rooted in Brown vs. Board of Education and other Civil Rights legislation, whereas the Common Core and other «reformy» actions are untried ploys that ultimately will increase the racial and
economic segregation of our Two Connecticuts and further widen the achievement gap for our students.
Not exact matches
In the election
of an African - American president less than a half - century after the end
of official racial
segregation in much
of the country, these Americans see the triumph
of the values enshrined in the US Constitution over America's legacy
of social, political, and
economic prejudice.
«However, due to occupational
segregation and the devaluation
of jobs that women disproportionately hold, outdated labor standards, and insufficient work - family policies, women in the United States aren't able to meet their full
economic potential.»
Inequality and
economic segregation are central features
of the New Urban Crisis.
He does not ignore political and
economic developments, but he pays special attention to social issues, including, as he says in his preface, «the transformation
of gender relations, the regeneration
of the home, the disciplining
of leisure and pleasure, and the establishment
of segregation.»
Moreover, the even - handedness
of the GI Bill enabled West's father and many
of his peers to buy a home, get a college education and obtain health insurance — all
of which gave
economic mobility to African - Americans even under
segregation.
«7 Bennett gives as examples
of middle axioms for our time the need
of international collaboration in the United Nations, the maintenance
of balance between free enterprise and government control
of economic power, the removal
of racial
segregation in the churches and its progressive elimination in society.8 Provided such middle axioms are taken for what they are, as Christian «next steps» and not as a watered - down version
of the full implications
of the love commandment, they can be extremely helpful in the quest
of a fuller justice as this is actuated by Christian love.
In a general sense, one can speak
of four areas
of struggle: (i) the system
of economic exploitation and social stratification (racial
segregation, women's working conditions, unemployment and the new legislation
of «flexibility and «deregulation); (ii) the ideology (the way
of representing the world, social relations, etc.) that justifies the system — the new ideologies
of race superiority, the religious legitimation
of competition and the so - called free market as the only and sufficient way
of organizing human life (iii) the ways in which the consciousness
of the oppressed, is led to interject this ideology
of domination and to develop a feeling
of self - denial and self - devaluation; (iv) the atomization
of the society through the weakening and destruction
of neighborhood, workers and local cultural manifestations.
Not only do our 700 school district lines often track patterns
of residential
economic segregation, there are school districts in this state today — including New York City — with boundary lines within the district that keep children
of wealth starkly separated from children
of poverty.
Even where schools do legally discriminate on religious grounds, this can lead to ethnic, socio -
economic and religious
segregation of pupils in practice and create wider problems for social cohesion and equality.
The variation is so extreme due to histories
of de jure residential
segregation, federal housing policies until the last thirty years or so, and histories
of economic development and migration that vary from place to place.
They also call for affirmative measures to reduce racial and socio -
economic segregation, which is the most extreme in New York
of any state in the nation.
«When we talk about
economic segregation, we have to get our priorities right as a government here in the city
of Albany,» and also as the Democratic Party, he said.
Polls have consistently revealed that the vast majority
of the public — as many as 73 % — oppose religious selection
of any kind in state - funded schools, and research has found time and time again that religiously selective schools worsen religious, ethnic, and socio -
economic segregation in their local areas.
Urban Renewal: Chicago, 1965 When cities
of the future were imagined in the 1920s and»30s, they did not include areas
of economic depression or racial and social
segregation.
The current lack
of harmonization among these financing mechanisms leads to gaps in ECE affordability for some low - income families,
economic segregation within ECE settings and classrooms, and underutilization
of ECE services by middle - income families.
It's here that the critics
of single - sex education begin to sound like opponents
of another kind
of separation: the racial and
economic segregation in American public schools documented by Savage Inequalities author Jonathan Kozol and others.
The use
of interdistrict - choice programs is unlikely to increase most students» educational opportunities significantly, a new report concludes, despite recent attention to the idea as a means
of reducing
economic and racial
segregation and giving students in low - performing public schools a chance to find a better school.
International evidence suggests that adoption
of market - based education policies that rely on school choice and competition between schools over enrollment often leads to
segregation of children into different schools according to their socio -
economic background, race or parents» awareness
of educational opportunities.
If courts can strike down teacher tenure laws as a violation
of the rights
of poor and minority children (see «Script Doctors,» legal beat, Fall 2014), why not use the results from CCSS assessments to go after the drawing
of school boundaries in a way that perpetuates
economic school
segregation and denies children equal opportunity?
It explores the relationship between racial and
economic segregation, and discusses the implications
of these trends and the possible policy alternatives.
I also agree with his points about the different normative salience
of economic as opposed to racial
segregation, the importance
of policy with respect to
economic (and racial)
segregation, and the growth generally (though variably)
of both kinds
of segregation.
«These were affluent women tired
of economic and racial
segregation.
Opponents feel, however, that since charter schools can only serve a small segment
of students, they only reinforce
economic and racial
segregation, and actually destabilize the communities they claim to want to help.
Economic, demographic,
segregation and schooling characteristics explain roughly three - quarters
of the geographic variation in these gaps.
But there has to be enough oomph
of one kind or another — moral,
economic, political, judicial, even occasionally (in the case
of school
segregation) military — behind these kinds
of changes for them to overcome resistance and gain real traction.
To shed light on the issue
of economic segregation, the authors engaged in a study to find the most and least segregated school districts nationwide.
The authors used three indices to measure different dynamics
of economic school
segregation: the Isolation
of Poverty Index; the Isolation
of Wealth Index; and the Hypersegregation Index.
EdBuild conducted a quantitative analysis
of over 1,700 school districts to measure
economic segregation within each district, or intradistrict
segregation.
The trend
of increasing racial and
economic segregation is a nationwide trend — not just in Alabama and other Southern states.55 The South, however, was the only region in the country to see a net increase in private school enrollment between 1960 and 2000, and where private school enrollment is higher, support for spending in public schools tends to be lower.56 A growing body
of rigorous research shows that money absolutely matters for public schools, especially for the students from low - income families who attend them.57 What's more, private schools in the South tend to have the largest overrepresentation
of white students.58 In fact, research has shown that the strongest predictor
of white private school enrollment is the proportion
of black students in the local public schools.59
Since
economic segregation closely mirrors racial
segregation, integrating schools by income will help create racial and ethnic diversity as well, and this form
of diversity produces numerous benefits.
In one
of her speeches, she called attention to
economic segregation, a «de facto
segregation,» in our school system.
Hartford, Connecticut, has significantly reduced
economic segregation in its schools through a strategic system
of student transfers called Open Choice.124
This design — and the relatively small number
of private schools in rural communities — has greatly contributed to this socio -
economic segregation.64 Such policies, if adopted nationally in the United States, could have similar consequences for
economic and racial
segregation considering the strong correlation between race and income in many places.
The recent literature on
economic segregation lists some specific drivers
of increased isolationism, and the authors look at those topics in turn.
This kind
of information would enable school districts to: 1) thoughtfully address
segregation issues, 2) allow schools to purposefully locate in areas that need more diverse schools, and 3) hold states publicly accountable for their effort (or lack
of it) toward
economic integration
This type
of true public charter school would help silence the critics
of certain charter schools that may be reinforcing racial and
economic segregation, stripping control from local communities, «creaming» students, and inhibiting transparency
of funding and accountability.
In other words, promoting school choice as the solution is a distraction from the basic fact that parent income, along with interrelated racial and
economic segregation, remain powerful determinants in the quality
of education a child receives.
In her remarks she stated, «More than 60 years have passed since Brown v. Board
of Education and our nation's schools and communities still suffer from the vestiges
of school
segregation and many
of our largest school districts remain starkly separated along racial and
economic lines.
As the department has stated publicly, «many schools and communities continue to suffer the effects
of racial
segregation, and that many
of our nation's largest school districts remain starkly segregated along racial and
economic lines.»
What isn't mentioned here, but has been by the UCLA Civil Rights Project, is that the most widely used mechanism
of «choice» in the state, that is charter schools, has increased
economic and ethnic
segregation in the schools (see its study).
Many
of those counties — Halifax and Lenoir — already struggle with providing and funding quality schools, and have
economic and racial
segregation in both school and in housing patterns, he said.
The OECD has found that vouchers targeted specifically to low - income families significantly decrease socio -
economic segregation between public and private schools compared to vouchers that any family can use, regardless
of income.
«So, everything in terms
of the environment and safety and crime and things that are happening in the neighborhoods... thinking about
economic development, the fact that we have very high poverty rates, very high
segregation rates around race and class and so all
of those things play a factor when you're talking about our lowest performing schools,» Driver says.
«I think
segregation and
economic inequality are the root causes
of school failure in this country.
Revise policies that further marginalize students, such as those that result in the under - enrollment
of students
of color in high - level classes or assign students to schools in ways that result in racial and
economic segregation.
In fact, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act perpetuates school - based
segregation, giving «upward
of $ 70 billion to continue to reinforce patterns
of racial and
economic separation in American Schools.»
Inequalities
of wealth and income have risen steadily for three decades, racial
segregation continues, class
segregation has deepened, and middle and working class families are fracturing in the face
of this
economic onslaught, but rather than face these fundamental realities politicians keep pandering to the public and putting forth an endless stream
of quick fixes that don't cost any money and don't require real change & mdash as if cosmetic changes in schools are somehow going to offset decades
of disinvestment in the public sphere and rising concentrations
of poverty.
A Status Quo
of Segregation: Racial and
Economic Imbalance in New Jersey Schools, 1989 - 2010.