Sentences with phrase «ecosystem carbon dioxide»

Prolonged suppression of ecosystem carbon dioxide uptake after an anomalously warm year.

The whole - ecosystem warming was studied, as well as the annual ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange.

Here we report measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes, remotely sensed radiation absorbed by plants, and country - level crop yields taken during the European heatwave in 2003.

Not exact matches

At night, for example, water in the estuary had higher carbon dioxide, lower pH levels, and a lower saturation state from the collective «exhale» of the ecosystem.

Rising anthropogenic, or human - caused, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may have up to twice the impact on coastal estuaries as it does in the oceans because the human - caused CO2 lowers the ecosystem's ability to absorb natural fluctuations of the greenhouse gas, a new study suggests.

The indirect effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, such as changes in soil moisture and plant structure, can have a bigger impact on ecosystems than previously thought.

When active, biocrusts take up atmospheric carbon dioxide and fix nitrogen, contributing to the ecosystem's primary productivity.

This indicates that soils will typically respond strongly to increasing temperature by releasing more carbon dioxide, said Jianwu Tang with the Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystems Center and a lead scientist on the study.

This collision may also have triggered Earth's plate tectonics, key to the recycling of carbon dioxide through our ecosystem.

«The Paleocene - Eocene thermal maximum has stood out as a striking, but contested, example of how 21st - century - style atmospheric carbon dioxide buildup can affect climate, environments and ecosystems worldwide,» says Bowen, an associate professor of geology and geophysics at the University of Utah.

Vertical carbon fluxes involve the amount of carbon going from the ground into the atmosphere or from the atmosphere into the ecosystem and will be estimated by measuring fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), two important greenhouse gases.

The future impacts of anthropogenic global change on marine ecosystems are highly uncertain, but insights can be gained from past intervals of high atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure.

The centre runs research programmes in climate variability and change, the monitoring of sea levels, ocean uptake of carbon dioxide, and Antarctic marine ecosystems.

To produce the supply, tropical countries have been converting their forests for crop and livestock production, leading to a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, flood protection or pollination, while increasing carbon dioxide emissions.

Research published last year by Professors Cox and Friedlingstein showed that these variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide can reveal the sensitivity of tropical ecosystems to future climate change.

Restoring degraded ecosystems or planting new forests helps store some of the carbon dioxide that was emitted from past land use activities.

Professor Cox, from the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences said «The year - to - year variation in carbon dioxide concentration is a very useful way to monitor how tropical ecosystems are responding to climate.

To make this assessment, Sutton - Grier and her colleagues evaluated how effectively each ecosystem captures carbon dioxide — for example, by plants using it to build their branches and leaves — and how long the carbon is stored, either in plant tissues or in soils.

At the bottom of an aquatic ecosystem are single - celled microbes that use energy from either sunlight or chemical sources to pluck molecules of carbon dioxide out of the water in order to grow.

They found surprisingly, that human - induced emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from ecosystems overwhelmingly surpass the ability of the land to soak up carbon dioxide emissions, which makes the terrestrial biosphere a contributor to climate change.

Recent research suggests that healthy, intact coastal wetland ecosystems such as mangrove forests, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows are particularly good at drawing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for hundreds to thousands of years.

When the large herbivores disappeared, the ecosystem transitioned to today's mossy tundra and taiga that is beginning to melt and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

«There are literally thousands of studies on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on the ecosystems of plants,» Rillig says, «but this is really the first study that has shown there can be an effect on soil structure.»

«We raised the water temperature in miniature ecosystems containing eelgrass meadows, while simultaneously bubbling with carbon - dioxide.

That fast - spreading development is creating additional water stress while simultaneously damaging the ecosystem's ability to absorb carbon dioxide and store or «fix» it in plants, according to the research — a study led by scientists at the University of Montana and published in the journal Science.

It's not yet understood, she says, why the increase in seasonal amplitude of carbon dioxide concentration is so large, but it's a clear signal of widespread changes in northern ecosystems.

For example, they may help researchers understand the full — and perhaps changing — potential for the plankton ecosystem to act as a sink to absorb carbon dioxide from the air.

While this underestimate does not call into question the response of climate to carbon dioxide concentration in the IPCC models, the researchers say, it does suggest that a better understanding of what happened during the last 50 years could improve projections of future ecosystem changes.

At the most fundamental level, the ecological footprint incorporates six measurements — city cover, carbon dioxide pollution, farm fields, fisheries, forests and rangeland — to reveal «the aggregate area of land and water ecosystems required by specified human populations to produce the ecosystem goods and services they consume and to assimilate their carbon waste.»

Spanish forest ecosystems will quite probably emit high quantities of carbon dioxide in the second half of the 21st century.

Some ecosystems had surprisingly high emissions — grasslands in the United States converted to corn farms would increase carbon dioxide for 93 years.

«Of the carbon dioxide human beings put into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation,» Berry says, «roughly a third remains in the atmosphere, a third goes into terrestrial ecosystems, and a third goes into the ocean.»

At present, land - based ecosystems absorb around one quarter of all human - made carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.

The nitrogen content in the crops is reduced in atmospheres with raised carbon dioxide levels in all three ecosystem types.

At the moment, these carbon markets only trade in credits for terrestrial ecosystems; for example, keeping a certain amount of forest intact in order to offset a ton of carbon dioxide emitted by burning fossil fuels.

If a balance was established and the system could be reliably controlled, it would be possible to alter the amount of carbon dioxide to simulate conditions of global warming, then analyse how ecosystems respond.

«For all types of ecosystem the results show that high carbon dioxide levels can impede plants» ability to absorb nitrogen, and that this negative effect is partly why raised carbon dioxide has a marginal or non-existent effect on growth in many ecosystems,» says Johan Uddling.

From removing carbon dioxide and pollutants from the air, intercepting rainfall and increasing property values, California's 173.2 million city trees provide ecosystem services valued at $ 8.3 billion a year.

We know that air pollution seriously damages human health and terrestrial ecosystems but this «new» source of soluble iron can potentially increase the amount of carbon dioxide stored in the oceans and, thus, inadvertently offset global warming.»

«Our study is about how a whole forest ecosystem consumes and produces carbon dioxide, or CO2, the main greenhouse gas linked to human - induced climate change,» says Wehr, a research associate in Saleska's lab in the UA's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

Those missions include the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite to monitor Earth's ocean health and atmosphere in 2022; the Orbiting Carbon Observatory - 3 experiment that would track carbon - dioxide levels from the International Space Station; the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) pathfinder Earth climate instrument for the ISS in 2020 time frame; and, finally, the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), a joint NASA - NOAA mission that is in orbit today and monitoring Earth from space.

Also facing elimination are the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3, which would observe carbon dioxide flows; a mission to the space station that would have supported tests of a spectrometer intended to measure solar reflection; and Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem, a satellite that would measure the colors of the ocean to gauge the global flow of algae and the influence of ocean aerosols on cloud formation.

More recently, however, microbial life found around hydrothermal vent ecosystems (i.e., the «Lost City» found in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is cooler than those found at «black smokers») indicate that Carbon - 13 is not selected against Carbon - 12 in hydrogen - rich environments where microbial life is starved of carbon, essentially in the form of carbon dioxide (Alexander S. Bradley, Scientific American, December 2009: pp. 62 - 67).

Unfortunately, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has yet another impact on our ecosystems — it reduces transpiration.

Ocean acidification represents one of the most serious long - term threats to coral reef ecosystems and will continue through this century, irrespective of progress in reducing emissions due to the amount of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere.

Phytoplankton production and light response; analytical and numerical modeling of primary production and pelagic ecosystems; bio-optical oceanography; phytoplankton physiology; carbon dioxide flux at the air / sea interface.

The coastal ecosystems of mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and oceans at significantly higher rates, per unit area, than terrestrial forests (Figure 1).

Labels: Africa, Asia, Brazil, carbon dioxide, carbon sequestration, climate change, deforestation, ecosystem disruption, extinction, global warming, Graph of the Day, habitat loss, Indonesia, mass extinction, South America

This suggests that storing carbon in forests, agricultural areas, and other ecosystems is an important and cost - effective part of a bigger carbon dioxide emissions control strategy that includes dramatic changes to the global energy system.

Experts estimate that as much as 1.02 billion tons of carbon dioxide are being released annually from degraded coastal ecosystems, which is equivalent to 19 % of emissions from tropical deforestation globally *.