Sentences with word «ectoderm»

The second most common cause is craniopharyngioma, a benign tumor derived from the oropharyngeal ectoderm of Rathke's pouch.

It is interesting that YFP - expressing pluripotent cells were rarely detected in the lens, yet often present in the cornea since the surface ectoderm forms both the lens and the cornea.

In other words, the basement membrane provides a physical dividing line between cells descendant from embryonic ectoderm (epidermis) and embryonic mesoderm (dermis).

Pituitary dwarfism is usually associated with a failure of the oropharyngeal ectoderm of the cranial pharyngeal duct (Rathke's pouch) to differentiate into trophic - hormone - secreting cells of the pars distalis.

Pluripotent stem cells are capable of differentiating into all three germ lineages of the human body, and we thus investigated the developmental potential of our i - PS cells to determine whether they could differentiate into ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

But it seemed unlikely, because the body coverings were thought to grow differently: Feathers and hair develop from specialized plates of thickened ectoderm — an embryonic cell layer — called anatomical placodes, structures not seen in reptiles.

Hydra skin has two layers, the outer ectoderm and the inner endoderm, which the team labeled with the colors green and magenta, respectively.

The researchers used confocal imaging and flow cytometry to observe the differentiation process and found that growth factors in the microparticles directed the cells toward mesoderm and ectoderm tissues just as they do in solution - based techniques.

Primitive ectoderm cells isolated from the animal pole of blastula stage embryos are pluripotent.

A voltage - dependent calcium channel was cloned and sequenced from cDNA, and its protein product was labeled within the calicoblastic ectoderm (Zoccola et al., 1999).

As shown in Figure 4, all three germ layers developed in our cultures as shown by alphafetoprotein (AFP) for endoderm (Figure 4B), smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin for mesoderm (Figure 4D, E), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and SMI31 for ectoderm (Figure 4G, H).

To induce ectoderm formation, EBs were cultured in DMEM / F12 and 1 % N2 supplemented with retinoic acid (2 uM) and forskolin (5 uM).

(A) iPS cells can form embryoid bodies (EB) and can differentiate in vitro to endoderm shown by alpha fetoprotein (AFP)(B), mesoderm shown by smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin (D, E), and ectoderm shown by GFAP and SMI31 staining (G, H).

ES cells that are nanog − / − are pluripotent but show a greater propensity for differentiation into primitive ectoderm [7].

We studied the expression of a panel of five pluripotency genes, including the transcription factors Oct - 4 and nanog, DNMT3b (a DNA methyltransferase required for de novo DNA methylation during development), GDF3 (a TGF beta superfamily member expressed specifically by ES cells) and TDGF - 1 (Cripto, a co-receptor for the stem cell maintenance factor nodal), and two to three genes each characteristic of early stage ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm lineage commitment.

Ectodermal defects: any of a multitude of abnormalities arising from maldevelopment of the fetal ectoderm (e.g., skin, nervous system, eyes).

Melanoblasts are neuroectodermal (embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue) in origin, and during fetal development they migrate to the skin and hair bulbs.

It's in the last of these «derms» — the ectoderm — where the vast majority of skin, hair and nails develop.

In the weeks after conception, your baby starts out as an embryo made up of three distinct germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, all of which form at just 3 weeks gestation.

The top layer — the ectoderm — will give rise to your baby's outermost layer of skin, central and peripheral nervous systems, eyes, and inner ears.

Now they have grown them in the lab and shown that they can turn into cells representative of all three embryonic germ layers, called the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm — a defining property of embryonic stem cells (ESC).

«The embryos lack all [cell types known as] mesoderm and endoderm and are left with skin and some neural tissue, [which derive from the third major cell type, the ectoderm].»

Hydra vulgaris is shown with its two tissue layers transgenically labeled: ectoderm (outer layer) in green; endoderm (inner layer) in magenta.

«Through studies like that, we've been able to show how the main so - called germ layers for the embryo are formed — ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

The cells originate outside the central nervous system in the ectoderm of the body wall and appear to migrate to their final locations within the central nervous system by crawling along strands of connective tissue.

These «snapshots» of development led scientists to believe that gills were formed from different tissues: the internal «endoderm» lining in jawless vertebrates, and the «ectoderm» outer skin in the jawed.

These pseudo-embryos displayed the three layers typical of embryos (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), and extra-embryonic structures such as the Vitelline membrane and even signs of blood cell formation.

The pluripotent cells of the embryo organize themselves at an early stage in germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.

The answer was yes: They found cells with markers from all three major body cell types, called germ layers: ectoderm (such as nerve cells), mesoderm (muscle and blood vessel cells), and endoderm (kidney cells).

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.

ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

We speculate, that once the YFP - negative lens vesicle separates from the surface ectoderm, the cornea forms from the remaining surface ectoderm (YFP - positive) and neural crest - derived mesenchyme [32].

But we do know that, like other animals, the human embryo in its earliest stages consists of three main components known as germ layers: the ectoderm, the endoderm and the mesoderm.

Additionally, ERCs were reported to be able to differentiate into, or become, cells from the three different germ layers (see the previous post on MSCs for more details): mesoderm (muscle, bone, fat, cartilage, and endothelial cells), ectoderm (neurons), and endoderm (liver, pancreas, and lung cells)(Meng et al., 2007; Patel et al., 2008).

In one of the experiments, for example, activation of a particular signal at the correct time elicits the appearance of the mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm — the precursors of all cell types — with a spatial organization similar to that of an embryo.

During the process, the cells begin to form three distinct layers: the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, determining which tissues or organs the cells will then develop into.

Ectoderm; reprinted from Streit, A., The cranial sensory nervous system: specification of sensory progenitors and placodes (December 15, 2008), StemBook, ed.

bilaterians: A clade of animals whode members share: bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic (three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), and with HOX genes in one or more clusters with the genes within a cluster arranged in the same order as the body parts they affect.

Simultaneously, expression of markers for major developmental lineages, including trophectoderm (Cdx2), ectoderm (Fgf5), mesoderm (T) and endoderm (Gsc, Sox7 and Afp), was activated (Figure 4B, bottom panel).

The teratomas analyzed were shown to contain muscle tissues, which are derivatives of mesoderm, primitive duct formations (indicated by arrows), which are derivatives of endoderm, and epidermal structures, which are derivatives of ectoderm (Figure 4C, F, I).

Under such conditions, various differentiated cells were found, including pulsatile cardiomyocyte cells, fibroblast - like cells (mesoderm), definitive endoderm - like cells (endoderm), neural rosettes and epidermis - like cells (ectoderm)(Figure 4C).

Histochemical analysis indicated the existence of tissues from all three germ layers, such as neural epithelial cells (ectoderm), intestines (endoderm) and muscle (mesoderm)(Figure 6A).