But there are already reports that Huang's group and possibly others in China continue to try
editing the genes in human embryos.
The first UK license for CRISPR / Cas9 use in
editing genes in human embryos was granted in 2016, xvii and CRISPR - edited cells to treat lung cancer were administered in the world's first human trials for the technique by a Chinese group in late 2016.
Chinese researchers have twice reported
editing genes in human embryos that are unable to develop into a baby (SN Online: 4/6/16; SN Online: 4/23/15).
But organizers of the International Summit on Human Gene Editing said
editing genes in human embryos was permissible for research purposes, so long as the modified cells would not be implanted to establish a pregnancy.
At the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Fredrik Lanner is preparing to
edit genes in human embryos.
Lanner is attempting to
edit genes in human embryos to learn more about how the genes regulate early embryonic development.
Not exact matches
The statement on Thursday comes amid a growing debate over the use of powerful new
gene editing tools
in human eggs, sperm and
embryos, which have the power to change the DNA of unborn children.
«Our licence committee has approved an application from Dr. Kathy Niakan of the Francis Crick Institute to renew her laboratory's research licence to include
gene editing of
embryos,» the
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority said
in a statement.
BETTER BABIES If CRISPR / Cas9 or other
gene -
editing technologies are ever approved for use
in human embryos, parents may one day feel as if they have to use genetic enhancements to give their children the best life possible.
In February, the United Kingdom approved using the method on human embryos at the Francis Crick Institute in London, but only within a narrow capacity: Researchers can edit genes in non-viable human embryos for a limited period and only to study developmental biology related to in vitro fertilizatio
In February, the United Kingdom approved using the method on
human embryos at the Francis Crick Institute
in London, but only within a narrow capacity: Researchers can edit genes in non-viable human embryos for a limited period and only to study developmental biology related to in vitro fertilizatio
in London, but only within a narrow capacity: Researchers can
edit genes in non-viable human embryos for a limited period and only to study developmental biology related to in vitro fertilizatio
in non-viable
human embryos for a limited period and only to study developmental biology related to
in vitro fertilizatio
in vitro fertilization.
Nearly five years after the
gene -
editing tool debuted, researchers for the first time have used it to alter
genes in viable
human embryos.
Meanwhile
in the U.S., the National Institutes of Heath restated its ban on
gene editing of
human embryos.
The genome -
editing technique earned top honors,
in part because of achievements such as «the creation of a long - sought «
gene drive» that could eliminate pests or the diseases they carry, and the first deliberate
editing of the DNA of
human embryos.»
Ishii notes that if the clinical trial begins as planned, it would be the latest
in a series of firsts for China
in the field of CRISPR
gene editing, including the first CRISPR -
edited human embryos, and the first CRISPR -
edited monkeys.
EDITS UNDER WAY Researchers
in Sweden have begun
editing genes in viable early
human embryos (four - cell stage, shown).
Today, biologists from Oregon report
in Nature that they have had unprecedented successes using that
gene -
editing technology to alter early - stage, viable
human embryos.
«Understanding how
gene editing works
in human embryos will require research
in human embryos,» because mouse
embryos, for example, have species - specific developmental differences, notes Dana Carroll, a biochemistry professor at the University of Utah who researches CRISPR.
Prof Robin Lovell Badge, Crick Institute, on the science: «The experiments reported by Junjiu Huang and colleagues (Liang et al)
in the journal Protein Cell on
gene editing in abnormally fertilised
human embryos are, I expect, the first of several that we will see this year.
In line with the views of most biomedical researchers, lawmakers struck a note of caution about the implications of new
gene editing techniques that make heritable changes to
human embryos.
But
in September last year the team announced it had applied to conduct genome
editing on these
embryos — five months after researchers
in China had reported experiments applying CRISPR — Cas9 genome
editing to non-viable
human embryos, which sparked a debate about how or whether to draw the line on
gene -
editing in human embryos.
The paper, reported on today by Nature News, is only the second - ever publication on the ethically fraught use of
gene editing in human embryos.
Amid rumors that precision
gene -
editing techniques have been used to modify the DNA of
human embryos, researchers have called for a moratorium on the use of the technology
in reproductive cells.
Chinese researchers report this week that they have used the CRISPR
gene -
editing technique to modify the genome of a
human embryo in an effort to make it resistant to HIV infection.
The
embryo work (done
in China with nonviable
embryos from a fertility clinic) even prompted an international summit this month to discuss
human gene editing.
Researchers at Oregon Health and Science University captured the development of
human embryos in images as part of their work using a
gene -
editing tool.
Researchers
in China have reported
editing the
genes of
human embryos to try to make them resistant to HIV infection.
«People are more understanding of this research,» says Fan, who points to UK fertility regulators» approval
in February of a proposal by developmental biologist Kathy Niakan to
edit genes in healthy
human embryos, at the Francis Crick Institute
in London.
Their paper — which used CRISPR -
editing tools
in non-viable
embryos that were destroyed after three days — is only the second published claim of
gene editing in human embryos.
The first results of
gene editing in viable
human embryos reveals it works better than we thought, but that there's another big problem blocking the way
Researchers
in China have
edited the
genes of
human embryos to make cells resistant to HIV infection.
Last year, government regulators
in the United Kingdom gave permission for Niakan, a developmental biologist at the Francis Crick Institute
in London, and colleagues to perform
gene editing on
human embryos left over from
in vitro fertilization treatments (SN Online: 2/1/16).
An editorial posted online on 28 April says the journal's objective
in publishing the study was «the sounding of an alarm to draw immediate attention to the urgent need to rein
in applications of
gene -
editing technologies, especially
in the
human germ cells or
embryos.»
Junjiu Huang and colleagues at Sun Yat - sen University
in Guangzhou describe their efforts to use the CRISPR - Cas9
gene -
editing technology to alter a
gene in abnormal
human embryos.
The paper has split scientists, with consensus on the need for a moratorium on clinical applications but disagreement about whether to support basic research on
editing genes in human sperm, eggs, or
embryos.
Shortly after the work was published, the US National Institutes of Health reaffirmed its ban on funding
gene -
editing research
in human embryos — a ban that would likely also apply to non-viable
embryos, it said.
Regulatory debate Huang's team's April report spawned a flurry of scientific and policy meetings and statements as governments and policy experts wrestled with how or whether to draw the line on
gene editing in human embryos.
► The potency of new
gene -
editing technologies presents new ethical quandaries for scientists — as demonstrated by the debate following an announcement that a Chinese team had altered
genes in a
human embryo.
Since Chinese researchers announced the first
gene editing of a
human embryo 2 years ago, many expected that similar work
in the United States was inevitable.
Our No. 2 story, on
gene editing in viable
human embryos, reminds us of the many intricacies of
human biology.
On Aug. 3, the scientific article
in Nature finally gave us some facts about the much - hyped experiments that involved
editing the genomes of
human embryos at the Center for Embryonic Cell and
Gene Therapy at Oregon Health and Science University.
I suspect the answer would come back «no» as this might constitute an affront to «
human dignity» — but it has never been clear (at least to me) how «
human dignity» can apply to a pre-implantation
embryo, and if the
gene editing had corrected a
gene defect,
in what way would it be harmed?
Using the
gene editing technology (CRISPR / Cas9)
in human embryos is unacceptable
in the UK ethical framework, and I notice that
in the Nature report, this paper was suggested to be rejected by journals potentially on ethical grounds.
«The experiments reported by Junjiu Huang and colleagues (Liang et al)
in the journal Protein Cell on
gene editing in abnormally fertilised
human embryos are, I expect, the first of several that we will see this year.
This is the first time that genome
editing has been used to study
gene function
in human embryos, which could help scientists to better understand the biology of our early development.
The team used genome
editing techniques to stop a key
gene from producing a protein called OCT4, which normally becomes active
in the first few days of
human embryo development.
CRISPR
gene editing of normal
human embryos NPR released the news this week about the first attempt to use CRIPS
gene editing on healthy
human embryos in Sweden:
Another team of Chinese researchers,
in Guangzhou, have already done an experiment
editing the
genes of (non-viable)
human embryos;
in December, a number of the world's leading researchers met
in Washington, D.C. to discuss the ethics behind using CRISPR on
humans.
«When you're
editing the
genes of
human embryos, that means you're changing the
genes of every cell
in the bodies of every offspring, every future generation of that
human being,» Darnovsky says.
(2) Currently, there is no reason to prohibit
in vitro germline genome
editing on
human embryos and gametes, with appropriate oversight and consent from donors, to facilitate research on the possible future clinical applications of
gene editing.
The big fear is this could open the door to scientists
editing DNA
in embryos for other reasons, and they could make some kind of mistake that would mess up the
human gene pool.