Among them
were pantheism and the positions that
human reason
is the sole arbiter of truth and falsehood and good and evil; that Christian faith contradicts reason; that Christ
is a myth; that philosophy must
be treated without reference to supernatural revelation; that every man
is free to embrace the religion which, guided by the light of reason, he believes to
be true; that Protestantism
is another form of the Christian religion in which it
is possible to
be as pleasing to God as in the Catholic Church; that the civil power can determine the limits within which the Catholic Church may exercise authority; that Roman Pontiffs and Ecumenical Councils have erred in defining matters of faith and morals; that the Church does not have direct or indirect temporal power or the right to invoke force; that in a conflict between Church and State the civil law should prevail; that the civil power has the right to appoint and depose bishops; that the entire direction of public schools in which the youth of Christian states
are educated must
be by the civil power; that the Church should
be separated from the State and the State from the Church; that moral laws do not need divine sanction; that it
is permissible to rebel against legitimate princes; that a civil contract may among Christians constitute true marriage; that the Catholic religion should no longer
be the religion of the State to the exclusion of all other forms of worship; and «that the Roman Pontiff can and should reconcile himself to and agree with progress, liberalism and
modern civilization.»