Besides SSCE, scientists have also been investigating stratospheric sulfur injections — firing sun - reflecting aerosols into the air, similar to the cooling
effect after a volcanic eruption — and cirrus cloud thinning, where you thin the top level of clouds, which have a warming effect on the planet.
Not exact matches
Researchers know that large amounts of aerosols can significantly cool the planet; the
effect has been observed
after large
volcanic eruptions.
It's also now well understood that large
volcanic eruptions have a short - term cooling
effect, see GW FAQ:
effect of
volcanic activity (short - term being the key phrase,
after Church et al Nature 2005, and also http://www.llnl.gov/str/JulAug02/Santer.html)
In other words, if we are
after a cause (or causes) for the temperature increase during the period in question, the presence or absence of aerosols from
volcanic eruptions is beside the point, because they can not explain any increase in temperatures that occurred prior to any cooling
effect they might have had.
Some longer - term
effects may remain
after several consecutive
eruptions, but even then, the 0.1 K cooling by
volcanic eruptions over the past 600 years (0.3 K modeled over the past 100 years, see fig. 1 on this page) seems rather high...
Volcanic activity was high during this period of history, and we know from modern studies of volcanism that
eruptions can have strong cooling
effects on the climate for several years
after an
eruption.
In fact, the rate of change of CO2 levels actually drops slightly
after a
volcanic eruption, possibly due to the cooling
effect of aerosols.
In
effect, these particles — whether aerosols or kitchen table salt — could act like natural aerosols that cool the planet
after a
volcanic eruption.
The models currently assume a generally static global energy budget with relatively little internal system variability so that measurable changes in the various input and output components can only occur from external forcing agents such as changes in the CO2 content of the air caused by human emissions or perhaps temporary
after effects from
volcanic eruptions, meteorite strikes or significant changes in solar power output.
From the paper: «The results also 1) reveal a significant level of coupling between ocean and land temperatures that remains even
after the
effects of ENSO and
volcanic eruptions have been removed; 2) serve to highlight the improvements in the quality of the time series of global - mean land temperatures with the increase in the areal coverage of the station network from 1951 onward; and 3) yield a residual time series in which the signature of anthropogenically induced global warming is more prominent.»
The Sulfate cooling mechanism is also evidenced whenever there is a high ejecta mass
volcanic eruption, which causes a measurable cooling
effect, for about 3 years
after an
eruption; until the sulfate particulate aerosols diminish in the atmosphere to the point that they become negligible.
As they stand at present the models assume a generally static global energy budget with relatively little internal system variability so that measurable changes in the various input and output components can only occur from external forcing agents such as changes in the CO2 content of the air caused by human emissions or perhaps temporary
after effects from
volcanic eruptions, meteorite strikes or significant changes in solar power output.