Sentences with phrase «effect estimates»

To date, there have been five studies which have tested for bias in individual teacher effect estimates.

The first three bars for years 1, 2, 3, and 4 are for the primary treatment effect estimates.

However, by making full use of the control ads, we further improved by six times the statistical precision of our ad effects estimates.

In addition, Table 6 shows that using potential years as an instrument yields charter and pilot effect estimates remarkably similar to those reported in Table 4.

Finally, I combine the gross effect estimates with cost data to assess benefit - cost ratios of 2 - year attendance and public policies that encourage it.

Combined effect estimate for all SPHM programs was 0.44 (95 % CI 0.36,... 0.54), reflecting substantial injury reductions after program implementation.

We assessed statistical heterogeneity using the I2 statistic, a statistic that quantifies the variability in effect estimates that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance.

As with the previous set of regressions, estimates from the final step are presented in Table III, whereas main effect estimates from step of initial entry are presented in the text.

Combined effect estimate for all SPHM programs was 0.44 (95 % CI 0.36,

In the presence of interaction terms, main effects become difficult to interpret (Aiken & West, 1991), so in the text, the main effect estimates are presented from the first three steps when they were first entered into the model, noting whether each was maintained in the presence of the subsequently entered interaction terms.

Research to quantify the influence of industry sponsorship on effect estimates can be improved by obtaining complete and accurate data on sponsors of research and conflicts of interest of sponsors and authors, and focusing on specific research questions and study designs.

[4] And teacher effects estimated by Chetty et al. (2011) appear to include the impact of reduced class size in addition to the impact of individual teacher skill.

On top of that, lactose (the sugar in milk) is hard for many to digest — in fact, lactose intolerance effects an estimated 30 to 50 million American adults.

Effect estimates across the five imputations were averaged and standard errors were calculated accounting for both within - imputation and between - imputation variability.19, 20

Effect estimates approximating the crude association between breastfeeding pain and the odds of postpartum depression 2 weeks after delivery were similar to the adjusted estimates.

The wider CIs around effect estimates in successively more complex models likely reflect a loss of power with diminishing sample size due to exclusion of participants with missing data.

New American Cancer Society Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care guidelines released outline posttreatment clinical follow - up care for the myriad of long - term and late effects an estimated 2.8 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States may face.

However, comparable effect estimates were observed in both sexes after stratification by sex (116).

Importantly, our null effect estimates from the random experiment differ substantially from those found from an analysis of CPS data, raising concerns about the potential for selection bias in non-experimental estimates of returns.

20 Not surprisingly, treatment effects estimated at this level of aggregation are fairly noisy, and few are individually significant.

Using a panel of international student test scores, 1980 — 2000, panel fixed effects estimates suggest that government spending decentralization is conducive to student performance.

Using longitudinal administrative data from three major school districts with significant numbers of recent TFA placements, we generate TFA effect estimates based on two series of Georgia's standardized tests — the end - of - grade Criterion - Referenced Competency Tests (CRCTs) and end - of - course tests (EOCTs).

Using estimates from Chetty et al. on how 3rd grade test scores affect later adult earnings, and estimates from Bartik, Gormley and Adelstein of expected adult income of children from different income groups, I project that for low - income children, the 3rd grade test score effects estimated by Duncan / Sojourner would be consistent with a lifetime increase in adult earnings of about 13 %.

* Celiac disease, which effects an estimated 1 in 133 Americans, is an autoimmune disease which prevents the body from absorbing nutrients.

The European Tour Operators Association (ETOA) ran a snapshot survey of 200 leading tour - operator buyers at its annual Global European Marketplace on Friday asking what effect they estimated the Olympics would have on their business in 2012 compared with 2011 in the top European inbound destinations.

When all the studies were considered, we found similar effect estimates in studies with more than 60 percent follow - up and in those with less than 30 percent follow - up, suggesting that the association between breastfeeding and blood pressure did not systematically vary between studies according to follow - up rates.

Models of student achievement in a given year as a function of prior achievement and other controls tend to give higher correlations than other models, see: Daniel F. McCaffrey, Tim R. Sass, J. R. Lockwood, and Kata Mihaly, «The intertemporal variability of teacher effect estimates,» Education Finance and Policy, 4, no. 4, (2009): 572 - 606.

Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was applied to determine the confidence in effect estimates.

Repeating analyses after excluding the first published (in 1981) of the included studies (35, 36), which could be regarded as hypothesis - generating reports, made little difference to the pooled - effect estimates for systolic (mean difference: — 1.1 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 1.8, — 0.4; p = 0.003) or diastolic (mean difference: — 0.5 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 1.0, — 0.06; p = 0.03) blood pressure.

The effect estimates for gastrointestinal infections increased in the adjusted analyses (maximum: 13.4 %).