Sentences with phrase «effect observed when»

At five months, when tumors had already began to form, there was little inhibitory effect observed when comparing tumor numbers or sizes to control groups.

Not exact matches

He argues that when it comes to the US economy, he observed that the positive effects of the latter overshadow the negative effects of the former.

When researchers messed with the music so that dancers were out of sync with each other, no such positive effects were observed.

Religion therefore has an interesting effect: as it poses supernatural surveillance it keeps people to follow societal rules even when they are unobserved (as they believe they are observed by God).

An interesting psychological experiment has shown that when we think we are observed, we tend to be more honest (e.g. posters with faces or eyes in the work place have this effect).

We silently pass the legacy to our children and their children when we fail to observe the effect on our families and instead find confirmation and justification in the surviving remnants of 1928 child - rearing advice still popular today.

When categories of human milk were entered into the logistic regression models, a dose - response effect was not observed.

It was found that the protective effect of breast - feeding was observed only when the analysis was restricted to studies that used medical personnel to assess clinical outcomes, such as atopic dermatitis.

In one study, a protective effect of breast milk on blood pressure was observed when 26 percent of the original cohort were followed up at ages 13 — 16 years (15), but not when 81 percent were examined at ages 7.5 — 8 years (16), suggesting either the possibility of selection bias in the later follow - up or an amplification of the breastfeeding — blood pressure association (49).

When the EPA wants to set a pesticide standard, they have companies test the pesticide in rodents and measure what's called the no observed effect level — the NOEL — which becomes the threshold.

Fetal heart rate effects were not consistently observed across all of the compounds analyzed; when effects were seen, higher chemical exposures were associated with reductions in fetal heart rate accelerations, an indicator of fetal wellbeing.

University of California, Berkeley and Harvard Medical School researchers were studying how certain bacteria influence multicellular development in the unicellular choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta when they observed the unexpected side effect.

The side effects in the study were no worse than what is observed when either drug is used on its own, and included fatigue chills, and fever.

«With Diego's discovery, we've made a direct connection between the protein α - synuclein and the downstream effects that are observed when brain cells become damaged in Parkinson's.»

A study of the effect of alcohol on long - term relationships finds that when a male prairie vole has access to alcohol, but his female partner doesn't, the relationship suffers — similar to what has been observed in human couples.

Bauman also notes, «Another interesting thing about the effect of imitation on punishment that we observed was that it completely disappeared when people were told that the first person to break the rules was punished.

Similar effects were observed when red coloration and dilute nectar were combined, showing that floral display and reward traits also interact to discourage bee visitation.

The same effect was observed when cells with DNA damage were treated with the drug «rapamycin,» which inhibits metabolic signalling and therefore mimics nutrient starvation.

When the shuttle launches began, NASA - affiliated scientists began collecting water samples to observe the environmental effects, said Carlton Hall, program manager for the Kennedy Space Center Ecological Program.

The Kondo effect, first described last century by the Japanese physicist Jun Kondo, is observed when magnetic impurities, i.e., very few atoms (even only 1 in 1000) of magnetic material such as iron are added to metals like gold or copper.

«In other school districts, we usually observe negative effects when high - performing teachers leave,» Dee said.

«When it was theorized that the quantum Hall effect could be observed in four - dimensional space,» said Mikael Rechtsman, assistant professor of physics and an author of the paper, «it was considered to be of purely theoretical interest because the real world consists of only three spatial dimensions; it was more or less a curiosity.

Additionally, it caused no tissue damage or adhesions to surrounding tissues when applied to a liver hemorrhage in mice — side effects that were observed with both super glue and a commercial thrombin - based adhesive.

Among them, when MET1 (Methyltransferase 1, involved in maintaining CG methylation) and Pol IV (related to RdDM, RNA directed DNA methylation, which causes de novo methylation) lost their genetic functions, abnormalities were observed in DNA methylation, but there was no observable effect on hybrid vigor.

The daily electrical - capacitance variations decreased when soil moisture was below the wilting point and completely ceased below the soil volumetric water content of 11 percent, suggesting that the effect of water stress on electrical capacitance was observed through its impact on photosynthesis.

Now the full effect has been observed, and it persists even when experimenters jiggle the strength of magnetic or electric fields — a robustness that provides even stronger evidence that the experiment has captured a Majorana, as predicted in careful theoretical simulations by Liu.

As shown in Fig. 2B, we found that both miR -7-1 and miR -7-2 significantly suppressed the expression of KLF4 in these cells, and the similar suppressive effect of miR - 7 was observed when we used CN34BoM, CN34BrM, and MCF7BoM cells.

According to one study that looked at eight fuel aridity metrics in the Western U.S. and modeled climate change's effects on them, human - caused climate change accounted for about 55 percent of the observed increases in fuel aridity between 1979 and 2015 (Figure 6), and added an estimated 4.2 million hectares of forest fire area between 1984 and 2015.7 Based on all eight metrics, the Western U.S. experienced an average of 9 additional days per year of high fire potential due to climate change between 2000 and 2015, a 50 percent increase from the baseline of 17 days per year when looking back to 1979.

One of the major parameters was the safety of these agents in the respiratory airways and lung parenchyma, since several of these agents are known to cause adverse effects.23 The main adverse effects observed were cough, transient fever and transient decrease in the respiratory functions after the aerosol administration.8, 19, 20 Moreover; it has been observed that excessive deposition of these agents in one site of the respiratory system can induce non-specific side effects in the form of pulmonary edema as observed with many other drugs.16 These side effects were milder when a premedication with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids were administered.8, 19, 20 Until now no long term trial (> 9 months) has been performed since all patients included in previous studies had stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

None of these toxic effects were observed when the same cells were treated with culture medium from non-senescent astrocytes that had not been subjected to paraquat.7

That effect was first demonstrated during a total solar eclipse in 1919, when the positions of stars near the Sun were observed to be slightly shifted from their usual positions — an effect due to the pull of the Sun's gravity as the stars» light passed close to the Sun.

Our conclusion that the observed effect was not simply a chance association is strengthened both by the observed, substantial improvement in RR when cancers occurring early in the trial were excluded and by the highly significant predictive effect of both the baseline and the 1 - y serum 25 (OH) D values in addition to the intervention itself.

The distinct behaviour observed when VFX contamination, acidification and warming acted alone or in combination highlighted the need to consider the likely interactive effects of seawater warming and acidification in future research regarding the toxicological aspects of chemical contaminants.

The answer actually applies to many subjects studied in physics and deep - space astronomy — when you can't observe something directly, or you can't explain something you are seeing, you make educated guesses based on what you do see: the effect on other objects.

Likewise, no effect on dopaminergic cell numbers was observed when DJ - 1 / parkin knockout mice were crossed with mice deficient for either SOD1 or SOD2 and aged to at least 16 months (Hennis et al., 2013).

One example of such a selective memory effect is observed when examining memory for complex emotional experiences.

These effects were observed when people's sleep cycles were cut to less than six hours a night.

Although this was our previous explanation for the differences between AFB1 - induced toxic and carcinogenic responses to protein intake, it would not appear to account for the greater toxic effects observed in the animals fed 20 % casein during initiation (when AFB1 metabolism occurs) but 5 % casein after initiation.

This has the observed effect of pushing the fat - burning capabilities further up the aerobic envelope so when you come back down to your MMAF HR your performance metrics are significantly improved.

There have been no human studies that were well - controlled and scientific when it comes to observing possible life extension or long - term effects of caloric restriction or intermittent fasting.

This review done by the Creighton University Medical Center looked at over 20 studies done on the fat burning effects of Synephrine HCl and concluded that «Synephrine alone as well as in combination products were shown to increase resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and modest increases in weight loss were observed with bitter orange extract / p - synephrine - containing products when given for six to 12 weeks».

For example, a carbohydrate - rich meal in the evening was found to delay the circadian rhythm of core body temperature and reduce nocturnal melatonin secretion.30 This is relevant, since sleep propensity and quality are highest near the declining limb of the core body temperature curve when melatonin levels are increased.31, 32 Although body temperature and melatonin were not recorded in the current study, these effects would be consistent with an increase in SOL on night 5 and the association with nocturnal arousals observed here.

When pregnant rats were fed diets containing 5, 10, or 20 percent fructooligosaccharide during ges - tation, no adverse developmental effects were observed (Sleet and Brightwell, 1990).

In a 2005 study, scientists gave female rats high and low doses of caffeine and observed that `' caffeine selectively increased visits to the male when physical contact was possible,» a result they say suggests that `' the effects of caffeine on female mating behavior may reflect an increase in both sexual motivation and locomotor activity.»

Because the data cover the entire state, however, we can gauge the effect of the ERI program on retirement by observing the change in exit rates of experienced teachers when the program was implemented.

While I show that the program is likely to have lasting effects on students because they are more apt to attend college, it would be useful to determine the long - term effects of APIP by observing the students affected by APIP when they go to college and into the labor force.

However, recent studies using randomized admission lotteries at charter schools and the random assignment of teachers has suggested that simple, low - cost methods, when they control for students» prior achievement and characteristics, can yield estimates of teacher and school effects that are similar to what one observes with a randomized field trial.

At the heart of the TDT Network is the idea that the best professional development occurs when teachers collaboratively plan lessons and observe and reflect on the effect of the teaching activities on learners.

The therapeutic dotential of dietary precursor modulation by a fish - oil - supplemented diet (n - 3 fatty acids), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5,n - 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6,n - 3) in the therapy of ulcerative colitis has been shown to result in a 35 % to 50 % decrease in neutrophil production of LTB4.28 Significant improvement in symptoms and histologic appearance of the rectal mucosa has been observed in several small series of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis given fish oil at 3 to 4 g daily for 2 to 6 months in uncontrolled studies.29 However, a larger, randomized, double - blind trial comprising 96 patients with ulcerative colitis failed to reveal any benefit in remission maintenance or treatment of relapse on 4.5 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily, despite a significant reduction in LTB4 synthesis by blood peripheral polymorphonuclear cells.30 It should be emphasized, however, that the anti-inflammatory actions of the fish oils, in addition to inhibition of LTB4, include suppression of IL - 1 and platelet activating factor synthesis and scavenging of free oxygen radicals.30 The impact of increased lipid peroxidation after fish oil supplementation should be considered when altering the n - 6: n - 3 fatty acid ratio.31 Antioxidant supplementation may be able to counteract the potentially adverse effects of n - 3 fatty acids.

Doesn't harm skin Cats don't get sick from grooming The Bad: Hard to get product down to skin (due to the fine nature of cat fur) Doesn't seem to kill as quickly as the shampoo (still observing its effects over longer period of time) It suds like shampoo when worked into fur.