The achievement
effects of choice programs after just one or two years may well turn out to be misleading indicators of the longer - term effects on test scores and attainment.
In summary, looking at the simple relationship between choice schools and student achievement, I found a
positive effect of choice schools, consistent with popular claims made in the headlines.
The de-incentivising
effect of choice overload may mean that people deciding between very large numbers of online options often lose their willingness to make a choice.
It might be nice, just once in a while, to watch a film as it was intended, and to feel the
full effect of the choices made by the writer and director.
The
attainment effects of choice programs may be outstripping their achievement effects because private schools prioritize character over test scores.
The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel concluded in 2005 that «the
principal effect of choice» in the city has been «to preserve the city's private schools, many of them Lutheran and Catholic.»
This kind of analysis does not conclusively measure the
causal effect of choice on segregation, but by examining the same locales over time it represents a clear improvement over the cruder approach of comparing different locales at the same point in time.
The other is that, even among the disadvantaged, those with higher levels of education are more likely to go private (although I should emphasize that, because disadvantaged people are so interested in going private and because they are poorly educated as a group, the
aggregate effect of choice is to lower the average education levels of private - sector parents, not to raise them).
In any event, this is an analysis of the demand side of the equation only, and what it has to tell us about the
social effects of choice should be understood to hold as long as «other things are equal.»
The most commonly cited school choice review, by economists Cecilia Rouse and Lisa Barrow, declares that it will focus on the evidence from existing experimental studies but then leaves out four such studies (three of which reported positive choice effects) and includes one study that was non-experimental (and found no
significant effect of choice).
I do think research can help inform claims about the wondrous powers or
pernicious effects of choice — and help us pursue smarter, more serious market - based reforms.
Arsen, who wrote a review of the literature on the
competitive effects of choice back in 2012, warned against making «broad, generic claims about the competitive effect.»
In his most explosive thriller yet, bestselling author Steven James delivers a multi-layered storytelling tour de force that not only delivers pulse - pounding suspense but also deftly explores the
rippling effects of the choices we make.
Ravitch did not grasp that the result was based on an intention - to - treat analysis and, if anything, that type of analysis under - states the positive
effect of choice on graduation rates.
«
Effect of Choice of Law on the Outcome in Insurance Disputes Main Advocacy Group Sues Barney the Dinosaur»
Often men do not - good even when they start off trying to do something good or they don't realize the
full effect of the choices that they make and how those choices affect others.
The Program on Education Policy and Governance at Harvard hosted a conference last month on the long -
term effects of choice.
It was
the effect of my choices, along with the people those choices brought into my life, that supported and shaped my parenting.
This approach means we have always to be empathetic and think about
the effects of our choices on the happiness or suffering of the people (or sometimes other animals) concerned.
«This study helps add to the dialogue of how is it that we manage water and
the effects of the choices that we make today,» Steward said.
Now
the effects of these choices have been tested for the first time outside the lab.
Bottom line: If your diet consists of lots of processed or ready meals, superfoods won't undo
the effects of those choices.
[1] The existence of charter schools could alter the composition of traditional public schools (by drawing students away from them), thereby compromising comparisons between the two sectors as a source of information about
the effect of choice on segregation.
The idea that
the effect of choice is «mostly untested» again highlights the core problem with these three articles.
Importantly, Moe finds that «
the effect of choice... is to reduce the social differences between public and private» in terms of the educational background, income, race, and religiosity of parents who would place their children in private schools.
The sorting of children to public and private schools based in large part on random chance provides a unique opportunity to learn about
the effect of choice on a variety of outcomes.
The effects of choice programs on educational attainment — how far an individual goes in school — are both larger and more consistent than their achievement effects.
The effects of choice vary widely across Michigan, but patterns nevertheless emerge.
If we had the data and could measure all of these underlying factors, we could make a convincing case for the accuracy of our estimates to truly measure
the effect of choice on student achievement.
Bankruptcy is a major life change and
the effects of your choice can follow you for up to 10 years.
It is time for us all to think about
the effects of the choices that we make and the choices we have and don't make.