Sentences with phrase «effect of each additional year»

17 The two - stage least squares (2SLS) estimate of the effect of an additional year in a charter school is the ratio of reduced - form estimates to first - stage estimates.

Not exact matches

Cigna's outlook excludes the impact of additional prior year reserve development and potential effects of any future capital deployment.5

What will make this recession worse than average is not the fact that a couple of additional industries are affected, but that the extreme speculation and excessive debt of recent years will propagate the effects of this downturn through the financial system.

Delaying retirement by three to six months has the same effect on a retirement standard of living as saving an additional one - percentage point of earnings for 30 years, according to the new study The Power of Working Longer.

providing $ 25.8 million over 4 years to help manage the effects of pest animals and weeds in drought - affected areas, and an additional $ 50 million for pest animals and weeds across Australia.

Miliband represented the UK at the 2009 Copenhagen Summit, from which emerged a global commitment to provide an additional US$ 10 billion a year to fight the effects of climate change, with an additional $ 100 billion a year provided by 2020.

There are also 897 additional layoffs imposed by Paterson because of the fiscal crisis that are set to take effect at the end of the year.

The on topic Q&A included redesign plans for other streets, especially Queens Boulevard, why the administration attributes the reduction in pedestrian fatalities to Vision Zero and not to regular year - to - year variances, how the administration actually knows that driving speeds are reduced, why so few street redesign projects have been done on Staten Island, data for any changes in safety at this E.Tremont / Silver Street intersection, why Commissioner Bratton did not attend, why there are few speeding and failure to yield tickets issued in this (45th) precinct, the negative effect of speed bumps on emergency response vehicles, plans for marking and painting of roads, whether the mayor will seek additional red light camera authorizations from the state legislature, the paucity of criminal prosecutions against drivers who kill pedestrians and an estimate of money received from speed camera tickets.

Sometimes there would be additional new editorial content that's just on the Web site, but in a lot of cases, the Web site was sort of just a companion to whatever was being done in print — and that's in effect what Scientific American's Web site was for many years, too.

However, a new University of Minnesota study with more than 1,000 young trees has found that plants also adjust — or acclimate — to a warmer climate and may release only one - fifth as much additional carbon dioxide than scientists previously believed, The study, published today in the journal Nature, is based on a five - year project, known as «B4Warmed,» that simulated the effects of climate change on 10 boreal and temperate tree species growing in an open - air setting in 48 plots in two forests in northern Minnesota.

According to one study that looked at eight fuel aridity metrics in the Western U.S. and modeled climate change's effects on them, human - caused climate change accounted for about 55 percent of the observed increases in fuel aridity between 1979 and 2015 (Figure 6), and added an estimated 4.2 million hectares of forest fire area between 1984 and 2015.7 Based on all eight metrics, the Western U.S. experienced an average of 9 additional days per year of high fire potential due to climate change between 2000 and 2015, a 50 percent increase from the baseline of 17 days per year when looking back to 1979.

Side effects from drugs given outside of hospitals may cause an additional 199,000 deaths / year.

The additional fattening effect of insulin resistance festers for years or even decades before it becomes apparent.

King will be joined by Gotham recurring guest star J.W. Cortes (a 13 - year Marine combat veteran and a police officer with New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority), additional comic book writer / artists and thought leaders for a candid conversation about the lasting effects of battlefield trauma.

We use common statistical procedures to estimate the effect on math and reading test scores of each additional year of actual attendance at a charter school.

This has the effect of treating an increase of one year of schooling in a highly educated country as the equal of an additional year in a poorly educated country.

We also drew on an additional year of data, from the 2012 13 school year, in assessing IMPACT's effects on student achievement in tested grades and subjects.

While we find only small effects for children from nonpoor families, for low - income children, a 10 percent increase in per - pupil spending each year for all 12 years of public school is associated with roughly 0.5 additional years of completed education, 9.6 percent higher wages, and a 6.1 - percentage - point reduction in the annual incidence of adult poverty.

For example, the effect of a one - hour later start time on math scores is roughly 14 percent of the black - white test - score gap, 40 percent of the gap between those eligible and those not eligible for free or reduced - price lunch, and 85 percent of the gain associated with an additional year of parents» education.

than the value of an additional year of experience and that things like teachers» college selectivity, whether they had a math major, or their prior coursework in math had no effect at all.

We know that mentors provide new teachers with much - needed support and guidance in their crucial first years, but there's a strong pass - through effect as well: Students of mentored teachers gained the equivalent of 3 to 3.5 months of additional learning in reading and math over the course of a year, a new study found.

They found «a modest, statistically significant, positive effect on student test scores,» which they quantified as three additional weeks of learning per year in American schools (and four weeks when international studies were included).

An improvement of two standard deviations on TIMSS over a year would, in effect, represent an additional six years of learning per year, equivalent to multiplying the speed of learning by seven.

For example, additional evaluation of the NYC Leadership Academy's Aspiring Principals Program noted a limited impact on student achievement in ELA (particularly after the second year of the program), but no effect on student achievement in math — regardless of the duration of the intervention.

Such effects exceed the impact of additional years of experience and are particularly strong in math and science.

Induction programs have also been found to accelerate teachers» ability to drive student learning gains: In one study, new teachers who participated in high - quality mentoring and induction programs were able to lead their students to academic gains equivalent to those of fourth - year teachers who did not receive such support as beginning teachers.63 Similarly, a study of the California Formative Assessment and Support System for Teachers, a statewide induction program, found that the induction program had a positive effect on both instructional practice and student learning, with students attaining a half - year's additional growth when they were taught by teachers who were highly engaged in the program.64

L. 94 — 12, § 205 (a), substituted provisions directing the Secretary to prescribe new withholding tables setting changed withholding rates for wages paid during the period May 1, 1975, to Dec. 31, 1975, so as to reflect the full calendar year effect for 1975 of the amendments to the minimum standard deduction, the percentage standard deduction, the earned income credit, and the additional tax credit by sections 201, 202, 203, and 204 of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975, Pub.

- the game's shading mechanism has changed, which allows for increased gear texture quality - all graphical aspects and programming mechanisms have been built up from scratch for this sequel - maximum resolution is 1080p in TV mode - a bigger focus for Nintendo was the 60 frames per second - occasionally the resolution will be scaled down when there is too much ink displaying on the screen - Nintendo reduced the CPU load and refined the way to use CPU power effectively to maintain 60 fps in all matches - weapons were tweaked to let players be more creative by thinking about unique weapon characteristics and their best uses - weapons are designed to be effective when they are used during the right occasion - Special weapons are stronger than the original ones when used in the right situation, but weaker otherwise - the damage and effect of slowing down your movement when you step in the opponent's ink are reduced from original - you can jump up in rank if you're good enough, but only up until S - you can't jump up from C, B or A to S + - when you win battles in Ranked mode, the Ranked meter fills and your rank goes up when its fully filled - when you lose a battle, the gauge does not decrease, but the meter starts to crack - once the meter reaches its limit, it breaks - when the meter breaks, you have to start over again from the beginning or from a lower rank - highest rank is still S +, but if you fill up the Ranked meter, you get numbers after the alphabet such as «S +1», «S +2» and so on - maximum number is «S +50», but this number will not be displayed to your opponent - you are the only one to see it, and you can check it on your own status screen - Ranked Power is calculated by an algorithm to measure how strong each player is with minuteness - this will determine if a player's rank is worthy of receiving a big jump (like from «C» to «A»)- Ranked Power has no relation to your splat rate, and is more tied into to how well you lead your team to victory - you won't drop off more than one rank even if you play poorly - stage rotation time was changed to two hours - this was done because the devs expected people to play for an hour or so, but they found people play much longer - with Salmon Run, Nintendo considered how to implement a co-op oriented mode in a player - versus - player type of game - the devs will monitor how users are playing this mode to see if there's some tweaks they can throw in - more Salmon Run maps will be added in the future, but Nintendo wouldn't comment on adding more enemy types to the mode - rewards are changed each time Salmon Run is played - you can obtain rewards when playing locally, but not gear - originally Nintendo had an idea for this mode, but had no background setting, enemy designs, etc. - Inoue suggested that it should be salmon - themed - when Nintendo hosted the Splatfest that pit Callie against Marie, the development of Splatoon 2 had started - the devs had already decided to have the result reflected in the sequel - they even had an idea to announce the Splatfest with a phrase «Your choice will change the next Splatoon» - the timing to announce a sequel wasn't right, so they decided against this - they eventually released a series of short stories about the Squid Sisters to show how the Splatfest affected the sequel's story - Nintendo wouldn't say if Marina is an Octoling, and noted that Inklings are not paying attention to this too much - Inklings don't care about appearances, as long as everyone is doing something fresh - the Squid Sisters had composers who produced their songs, but Off the Hook are composing their music by themselves - Pearl is genius artist, but she couldn't find a right partner because she's a bit too edgy - she eventually found Marina as a partner though, and their chemistry is sparkling right now - Nintendo is planning a year of content updates for Splatoon 2 - when finished, the quantity of stages will be more than the original - some of the additional stages are totally new and some will be arranged stages from the first game - not all original stages will return and they are choosing stages based on the potential for them to be improved - Brella is shotgun-esque weapon, so the ink hits your opponent more if you are closer - it can shield damage when you open it, but the amount of damage has a limit and once it reaches it, it breaks - you can shoot ink, but you can't use the shield feature when it breaks - the shield won't prevent your allies ink - there are more new weapon categories which haven't been revealed yet - there are no other ranked modes outside of the three current options - the future holds any sort of possibility, but the devs didn't get specific about adding more content like that - for the modes, they adjusted the rule designs so that players will experience the more interesting aspects

My point is that I could easily see how the entire system in question could be warming, but because of transient effects, like weather patterns, the additional heat energy could easily wind up not where we're measuring it for months or even years at a time.

That is no additional effect, but part of the mechanism by which El Niño years are warm and La Niña years are cold at the Earth's surface.

Estimates made assuming no change in regulatory controls or population characteristics have ranged from 1,000 to 4,300 additional premature deaths nationally per year by 2050 from combined ozone and particle health effects.151, 9,152 There is less certainty in the responses of airborne particles to climate change than there is about the response of ozone.

A recent World Health Organization report suggests that globally climate change could cause an additional 250 000 additional deaths per year between 2030 and 2050, not taking into account factors such as the effects of economic damage, major heat wave events, river flooding, water scarcity, or human conflict.

To provide additional flexibility while CCS technology is being perfected, plant developers during the first three years in which the new performance standard is in effect could have the option to construct traditional coal plants that do not capture and sequester CO2 if they offset on a one - to - one basis their CO2 emissions by taking one or more of the following steps:

I want to throw this out as additional «evidence for»: the fact that observed trends over the past 16 years are consistent with longer - term trends when one simply controls for the effect of ENSO.

I have already made it clear elsewhere that the additional resistor effect of human CO2 would be insignificant in relation to that from the rest of the air and the oceans together with the varying solar and oceanic heating and cooling effects but we still need to know for sure whether it is significant at all over periods of less than several hundred years because that may be the time we need to solve our energy, pollution, resource and population problems.

The main narrative and strategy of the CAGW movement remains to deny that cosmic rays variation has any effect, which is a technique to be expected at least until cooling a number of years from now becomes too much to cover up in additional temperature dataset fudging.

Over the last ten years, one - fourth of human - emissions of carbon dioxide as well as 90 percent of additional warming due to the greenhouse effect have been absorbed by the oceans.

It takes the oceans centuries if not millenia to absorb additional CO2 so that partitioning will take effect eventually, for rcok / air the timescales are more like millions of years...

It is simply that after accounting as best one can for the influence of the sun you still can't match the observed climate over the past ~ 30 - 50 years without including the effects of additional greenhouse gas forcing.

I'll also take a quick look at the growing effect of residual biases from ship - buoy measurement adjustments in sea surface temperature (SST) analyses in recent years, which has led to some additional divergence between the two major operational SST series underlying these four global series.

The temperature effects of cloud cover during the 20th century could be as much as 7 times greater than the alleged temperature effect of 200 years worth of additional carbon dioxide and several times greater than that of all additional greenhouse gases combined.

In order to limit global warming to 2 °C and avoid the worst effects of climate change, the world needs to invest an additional $ 36 trillion in clean energy, an average of $ 1 trillion per year for the next 36 years.

As a result, the effect of the clause was to recognize the ESA minimum of 4 weeks, and to then provide an additional «one week per year of service».

It's a delicately balanced process that's been developed over hundreds of years and I don't know if we can predict all of the effects of putting in additional judicially developed requirements.»

With effect from 1 April this year, the so - called «additional rate» of Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) will come into force for purchases of residential property.

If the grounds for proving breakdown of the marriage are a one year - separation, then parties must typically wait one year from the date of separation for the divorce order to be granted and an additional 31 - day period for the divorce order to take effect.

Mike Greeff, CEO of Greeff Christies International Real Estate, is also optimistic on the effect on the market: «Any type of easing in interest rates will encourage individuals to get involved in the property sector, as well as bring relief for current bond holders in that it will have two possible effects: it could either create additional disposable income in their budgets, or it will allow for a higher than required bond repayment which can in essence take years off your bond.»