Sentences with phrase «effect of greenhouses gases by»

Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

This is a representative concentration pathway that represents a forcing of 8.5 watts per meter squared that is used by climate modelers to represent the worst case atmospheric effect of greenhouse gases by 2100.

Not exact matches

Marshalling convincing scientific data, they tell us that the environmental degradation caused by massive pollution of air water and land, threatens the very life of earth — fast depletion of non renewal resources, indeed of species themselves, the thinning of the ozone layer that exposes all living creatures to the danger of radiation, the build up of gases creating the greenhouse effect, increasing erosion by the sea — all these are brought out through their research.

While recognising that all countries are affected by the effects of climate change under «One Planet» but some are more vulnerable, the summit seeks for tangible collective action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

But the reactive gases emitted by trees can also increase the amounts of ozone and methane, both greenhouse gases which have warming effects on the climate.

It remains too soon to tell exactly how this climate system will work under changed conditions and other environmental factors — such as whether the cooling effect of the soot generated by industry and burning forests outweighs the warming effect of greenhouse gases — which may play large roles.

Scientists can measure how much energy greenhouse gases now add (roughly three watts per square meter), but what eludes precise definition is how much other factors — the response of clouds to warming, the cooling role of aerosols, the heat and gas absorbed by oceans, human transformation of the landscape, even the natural variability of solar strength — diminish or strengthen that effect.

Jacobson said the sum of warming caused by all anthropogenic greenhouse gases — CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons and some others — plus the warming caused by black and brown carbon will yield a planetary warming effect of 2 degrees Celsius over the 20 - year period simulated by the computer.

Much of the damage will have been done by the year 2010, it says, and the rest by 2070, when the predicted effects of global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases will have done their worst.

Indeed, the reduction in the emission of precursors to polluting particles (sulphur dioxide) would diminish the concealing effects of Chinese aerosols, and would speed up warming, unless this effect were to be compensated elsewhere, for instance by significantly reducing long - life greenhouse gas emissions and «black carbon.»

But the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (and the California Air Resources Board) have noted that turning corn into ethanol can actually be a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and other unintended environmental effects, largely by driving the expansion of agriculture and its attendant pollution — as evidenced by previous studies published in Science.

In his new paper, Lovejoy applies the same approach to the 15 - year period after 1998, during which globally averaged temperatures remained high by historical standards, but were somewhat below most predictions generated by the complex computer models used by scientists to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions.

The effect of these small orbital changes was amplified by positive feedbacks, such as changes in greenhouse gas levels.

The European Union needs to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent from 1990 levels by 2030 to avoid the worst effects of climate change, according to a British government paper, likely to fuel debate on whether deeper cuts are affordable.

Kalnay and Cai developed a more precise measurement by comparing one set of long - term temperature data recorded from satellite and weather balloons, which detect the effects of warming from greenhouse gases, with another set recorded at ground level by 1,982 weather stations across the continent.

Scientists knew about the warming effects of greenhouse gases, but proponents of global cooling argued that greenhouse warming would be more than offset by Earth's orbital changes.

David Campbell, Boiling Springs, N.C. Stormier weather I was confused by the conclusion that «simulations suggest that the climate effects of greenhouse gases will again reduce tropical storm frequency later this century» in «Cleaner air may bring on storms &

BURNING UP The heat radiated by burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, shown, is overshadowed within months by the greenhouse gas effect of the released carbon dioxide, new research shows.

The effects of wind changes, which were found to potentially increase temperatures in the Southern Ocean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gases.

Temperature observations are sparse around the hostile continent, but scientists recently modeled the ocean current knock - on effects of these wind changes, which have been caused by ozone thinning and by the buildup of greenhouse gases.

Even allowing for the relative strength of the effects, CO2 is still responsible for two - thirds of the additional warming caused by all the greenhouse gases emitted as a result of human activity.

Frustrated by the ongoing diplomatic stalemate, a number of urban leaders have decided to take matters into their own hands, adopting solutions that already exist or inventing new ones for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for the effects of ongoing global warming.

Greenhouse gases are already having an accelerating effect on sea level rise, but the impact has so far been masked by the cataclysmic 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, according to a new study led by the...

Results: The least costly way to manage the heat - trapping effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is to pursue every available option to reduce emissions, according to a study by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, published in the journal Climatic Change.

Scientists have modelled the expected temperature drop over the 21st century due to waning solar activity — and they found that the change is likely to be dwarfed by the much bigger warming effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Current state - of - the - art climate models predict that increasing water vapor concentrations in warmer air will amplify the greenhouse effect created by anthropogenic greenhouse gases while maintaining nearly constant relative humidity.

... The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150 % since 1750, and it accounts for 20 % of the total radiative forcing from all of the long - lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).

Carbon dioxide and sulfur gases blown extremely high into the atmosphere would have the opposite of a greenhouse effect: surface temperatures plummeting by more than 20 degrees Celsius, or about 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

Most studies consider a range of anthropogenic forcing factors, including greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosol forcing, sometimes directly including the indirect forcing effect, such as Knutti et al. (2002, 2003), and sometimes indirectly accounting for the indirect effect by using a wide range of direct forcing (e.g., Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001; Forest et al., 2002, 2006).

Global warming in the modern era is being driven by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which leads to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

The effects of global warming are the ecological and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases.

Such changes are driven in large part by the greenhouse effect, the trapping of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere and consequent warming of the planet.

Much of this radiation is returned to the space and the other part is absorbed by the layer of gas surrounding atmosphere causing the greenhouse effect.

Global climate change will occur as a result of global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect caused by the retention of heat in the lower atmosphere of the Earth caused by the concentration of gases of various kinds.

The warming trends in looking at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate stations... i.e. warming trends in annual mean and minimum temperature averages, winter monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.

Unfortunately for policymakers and the public, while the basic science pointing to a rising human influence on climate is clear, many of the most important questions will remain surrounded by deep complexity and uncertainty for a long time to come: the pace at which seas will rise, the extent of warming from a certain buildup of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), the impact on hurricanes, the particular effects in particular places (what global warming means for Addis Ababa or Atlanta).

Temperature effects on the absorption of IR by greenhouse gasses won't help you, as they are pretty tiny over the range of terrestrial temperatures.

We analyzed the effect of a medium - high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 in IPCC 2000) and included updated projections of sea - level rise based on work by Rahmstorf (Science 315 (5810): 368, 2007).

Research by an international team of scientists recently published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters says that the cooling effect of aerosols is so large that it has masked as much as half of the warming effect from greenhouse gases.

Re «Estimates of the drivers of global temperature change in the ice ages show that the changes in greenhouse gases (CO2, methane and nitrous oxide) made up about a third of the effect, amplifying the ice sheet changes by about 50 % (Köhler et al, 2010).»

In a world of declining American influence, according to the article, the assessment foresees unavoidable social disruption, particularly in developing countries, from the effects of climate shifts driven by accumulating greenhouse gases.

Yes, the cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse gas effect and global temperature has been established by the laws of physics, just as these other cause and effect relationships have been established by the laws of physics.

Just like the predictions then of doomsday coming in form of «nuclear winter», nobody can escape being exposed today to the projection of the ominous effects of greenhouse gases proclaimed by the «experts», the news media, politicians and, of course, Hollywood.

By the proper use of the terms «trend» and «correlation», we do in fact have the established physics that shows the cause and effect relationship of greenhouse gases and heat in many observed correlations in the laboratories and in the universe — and this includes Venus.

However, the AGW side is not much better, with articles like this that basically say we're all doomed unless «emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced by 60 % over the next 10 years» (for 2 deg C rise, and the chance of avoiding each further 1 deg C rise is given as «poor» due to cascading effects) which isn't going to happen, becuase, well, China.

The loss of energy to space, measured by Wielicki e.a. in the past 15 years, is of near the same magnitude as what the theoretical increase in greenhouse effect is from the extra greenhouse gases since the beginning of the industrial revolution.

As detailed in section V of this notice, it is widely recognized that greenhouse gases (GHGs) have a climatic warming effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere that would otherwise escape to space.

The proportion of forcing to CO2 amount eventually becomes linear as the amount of CO2 goes to zero — this is nothing special; any continuous smooth function can be approximated by a straight line over a sufficiently short interval; adding a sufficiently small amount of any greenhouse gas will have about half the effect as adding twice as much.

As levels fell in the atmosphere, their cooling effect was soon outweighed by the warming effect of the steadily rising levels of greenhouse gases.»

It's clear, too, that many ecosystems are already feeling the effects of warming driven substantially by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and more is coming.