Joining the ASA and others, the American Educational Research Association recently declared that it is almost impossible to disentangle this tiny teacher
effect on student test scores from other in - school and out - of - school factors.
Sometimes districts make the mistake of saying, «Let's see if overhauling the HR department has
an effect on student test scores,» when that link is tenuous at best, even using state - of - the - art statistical methods.
Chicago - based TeacherMatch, which says it uses algorithms to predict a teacher candidate's
effect on student test scores, sounds like something «straight off the cover of the Onion,» Vieth writes on her blog «Running Reflections.»
While VAM tries but fails to isolate a teacher's small
effect on student test scores, SGP does not even attempt to measure a teacher's effect.
They found «a modest, statistically significant, positive
effect on student test scores,» which they quantified as three additional weeks of learning per year in American schools (and four weeks when international studies were included).
Thus, critics argue that VAMs can not «isolate» an individual teacher's
effect on student test scores.
After analysts at the National Center on Performance Incentives (NCPI) reported no positive
effects on student test scores, the Dallas Morning News declared the program a failure.
Two experimental studies of the Charlotte privately - funded scholarship program, here and here, reported clear positive
effects on student test scores but were limited to just a single year after random assignment.
And to turn back to school choice for a moment, Imberman finds that charters in an unnamed urban district had
no effect on student tests scores — but had large positive effects on discipline and attendance.
We used a random - assignment experiment in Los Angeles Unified School District to evaluate various non-experimental methods for estimating teacher
effects on student test scores.
Despite serving a more advantaged student population than traditional public schools in LAUSD, charter
effects on student test score growth were unimpressive.
One teacher asked for more details about a complex algorithm the state will use to measure a teacher's
effect on student test score growth known as value - added measurement.
The editorial goes on to cite as evidence the most recent «gold - standard» study by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), which analyzed Louisiana's voucher program and found negative
effects on student test scores.
Not exact matches
Fariña recently told Capital she believes some charter schools can have a positive
effect on the public system, while knocking others (without naming specific schools) for touting high
test scores, but not accepting special education or English Language Learner
students.
On April 9, the DOE announced that a new promotion policy that takes into account teachers» and principals» recommendations rather than
students»
test scores would take
effect this school year.
Consistent with other research
on school
effects, we find that the school a
student attends can explain a substantial share of the overall variation in
test scores: that single factor explains 34 percent of the variation in math
scores and 24 percent of the variation for reading.
In addition to examining the
effect of teacher gender
on students»
test -
score performance, I examined teacher perceptions of a
student's performance and
student perceptions of the subject taught by a particular teacher.
My best estimate is that it lowers
test scores for both boys and girls by approximately 4 percent of a standard deviation and has even larger
effects on various measures of
student engagement.
This
effect is similar in size to those found in evaluations of primary - school inputs» impacts
on postsecondary outcomes, such as being assigned to a teacher who is particularly effective in raising
student test scores.
The authors found that PLCs have a positive
effect on student learning:
student scores increased in reading, writing, math, science, and social studies subject
tests.
I therefore separate the
students in my sample by years of age and estimate the
effect of start time
on test scores separately for each group.
Though each of these policies has been tied to
student test -
score improvements, either the
effect size was too small or the policy affected too few
students to alone account for the substantial
test -
score improvements seen
on the NAEP and FCAT.
Phase 1 trials would be small, nongenerablizable empirical studies whose dependent variable is not year - end
test scores, but «next - day or next - week outcomes: measurable
effects on student behavior, effort, or short - term learning.»
Specifically, I separated out the
effects on test -
score gains of a
student's race and ethnicity, as well as accounted for the influence of a
student's peers, by evaluating the influence of demographic characteristics of the
student body, including average income level and percentage of minority
students.
Two recent experimental evaluations of the Louisiana Scholarship Program found negative
effects of the program
on student test scores but one study was limited to just a single year of outcome data and the second one (which I am leading) has only analyzed two years of outcome data so far.
Recalling that black
students have the lowest
scores on both the reading and math
tests, one can see that these results can be interpreted as the
effects of peer achievement.
Commentary
on «Great Teaching: Measuring its
effects on students» future earnings» By Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman and Jonah E. Rockoff The new study by Raj Chetty, John Friedman, and Jonah Rockoff asks whether high - value - added teachers (i.e., teachers who raise
student test scores) also have positive longer - term impacts
on students, as reflected in college attendance, earnings, -LSB-...]
But most voucher studies are able to look only at the short - term
effects on parental satisfaction and
student test -
score performance.
Specifically, I examine whether the
effects on age - 11
test scores can be detected when the
students are
tested again at age 14, three years after the
students have left the primary school.
Multiple laboratory - style studies demonstrate the negative
effects of laptop multitasking
on test performance, including a 2013 study by Faria Sana, Tina Weston, and Nicholas J. Cepeda that found that
test -
score performance suffered not only if a
student used a laptop during class, but also if he or she merely sat near a computer user.
Still, its detractors argue that the law has had unfortunate side
effects: too much time spent teaching to narrow
tests, schools focused
on boosting the
scores of
students who are just below the proficiency threshold, and some states lowering their standards to reduce the number of schools missing their achievement targets.
Thomas Dee looks beyond
test scores to examine the
effects of accountability
on high - school graduation rates and
students» employment prospects.
In order to determine the
effect of scholarship - induced private school competition
on public school performance, we examine whether
students in schools that face a greater threat of losing
students to private schools as a result of the introduction of tax - credit funded scholarships improve their
test scores more than do
students in schools that face a less - pronounced threat.
The original evaluation identified, after three years, large positive
effects of the voucher opportunity
on the
test scores of African Americans but not
on the
test scores of
students from other ethnic groups.
The outcome of the lottery, a random event, was used to create what statisticians refer to as an instrumental variable, which obtains unbiased estimates of the
effects of attending private school
on students»
test scores.
Charter schools benefit
students in neighboring district schools Positive
effects found
on test scores, grade completion, and more, increasing with proximity
On average, students in countries with performance - related pay score 24.8 percent of a standard deviation higher on the PISA math test; in reading the effect is 24.3 percent of a standard deviation; and in science it is 15.4 percent (see Figure 1
On average,
students in countries with performance - related pay
score 24.8 percent of a standard deviation higher
on the PISA math test; in reading the effect is 24.3 percent of a standard deviation; and in science it is 15.4 percent (see Figure 1
on the PISA math
test; in reading the
effect is 24.3 percent of a standard deviation; and in science it is 15.4 percent (see Figure 1).
For example, the Gates Foundation's small school reforms were widely panned as a flop in early reviews relying
on student test scores, but a number of later rigorous studies showed (sometimes substantial) positive
effects on outcomes such as graduation and college enrollment.
[6] Several studies estimated the causal
effect of being assigned to remediation
on future college outcomes by comparing
students just above and below
test score cutoffs for remedial placement.
In addition to our main experiment
testing the ECO-C Intervention's
effects on our target group of high - achieving, low - income
students, we also used the same approach to study its
effects on students who meet the same
test -
score criteria but who have estimated family income above the bottom one - third or attended a feeder high school.
The study used both standardized
test scores and surveys of parents and
students to evaluate the
effect of the scholarship program
on both academic performance and
student and parental satisfaction.
(The negative
effect to which Darling - Hammond refers was probably what Summers and Wolfe noted as the «perversely» negative relationship between 6th grade teachers»
scores on the NTE Core Battery, a
test of pedagogy and basic skills, and their
students» achievement.)
Using an experimental design, the study found no clear
effects of using a voucher to enroll in a private school
on students»
test scores four years later.
The same program in recent years has generally not shown positive
effects on students»
test scores.
These
effects are all larger than what would have been predicted based
on the same
students»
test -
score gains, leading the researchers to conclude that «high achieving charter schools alter more than cognitive ability.»
Finally, the only study to have estimated the
effect of charter school attendance
on students» job prospects, although based
on nonexperimental methods, finds that attending a Florida charter school increased
students» earnings as adults despite having no impact
on their standardized
test scores.
Performance metrics tied directly to
student test -
score growth are appealing because although schools and teachers differ dramatically in their
effects on student achievement, researchers have had great difficulty linking these performance differences to characteristics that are easily observed and measured.
The recently released study of the program examines its
effects on test scores for
students that have used vouchers for one, two, three, or four years.
This meta - analysis of social and emotional learning interventions (including 213 school - based SEL programs and 270,000
students from rural, suburban and urban areas) showed that social and emotional learning interventions had the following
effects on students ages 5 - 18: decreased emotional distress such as anxiety and depression, improved social and emotional skills (e.g., self - awareness, self - management, etc.), improved attitudes about self, others, and school (including higher academic motivation, stronger bonding with school and teachers, and more positive attitudes about school), improvement in prosocial school and classroom behavior (e.g., following classroom rules), decreased classroom misbehavior and aggression, and improved academic performance (e.g. standardized achievement
test scores).
In other words, do they accurately capture the
effects teachers have
on their
students»
test scores?