While these adjustments don't have a big
effect on the global temperature record, they are needed to obtain consistent local records from equipment which has changed over time.
Not exact matches
With an El Niño expected to develop late this summer or in the fall, there is a chance that 2014 could move into the spot as the warmest year
on record, though the climate phenomenon's
effects are generally most pronounced in the colder months, so the boost it gives to
global temperatures could be reserved for 2015.
To contribute to an understanding of the underlying causes of these changes we compile various environmental
records (and model - based interpretations of some of them) in order to calculate the direct
effect of various processes
on Earth's radiative budget and, thus,
on global annual mean surface
temperature over the last 800,000 years.
Finally the knock -
on effects wore off and a return to a particularly strong El Nino culminated in the
record global temperatures of 1998.
«Our results show that
temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human
effects on global - mean tropospheric
temperature.»
Thompson et al. do not provide a time series estimate
on the
effects of the bias
on the
global temperature record, but Steve McIntyre, who is building an impressive track
record of analyses outside the peer - review system, discussed this topic
on his weblog
Hawkins and Jones (2013) focused
on one small aspect of Callendar's work: his compilation of World Weather
Records station
temperature data into zonal and
global temperature anomalies, in
effect, delimiting Callendar, whose contribution was much more diverse, as a sort of John the Baptist of
temperature accountancy, merely preparing the way for Phil Jones.
If increase in CO2 concentration had
effect on the
global mean
temperature, why is its trend constant since
record begun in 1850 as shown?
If this is accepted as a reasonable looking proxy for ocean heat content which matches the instrumental OHC
record pretty well, then no «lag» is needed to explain the solar
effect on OHC and thus
global surface
temperature.
He rewrote Wikipedia's articles
on global warming,
on the greenhouse
effect,
on the instrumental
temperature record,
on the urban heat island,
on climate models,
on global cooling.
@Mike Edwards: There are lots of studies — hundreds, at least — of the urban heat island
effect, and quite a lot of effort has gone into identifying, quantifying, modelling, and adjusting for the
effect of UHI
on global temperature records.
Ben Santer in a 2011 paper «Our results show that
temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human
effects on global - mean tropospheric
temperature.»
Santer et al. argue that «Our results show that
temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human
effects on global - mean tropospheric
temperature.»
One must define down «
global mean
temperature» to focus
on surface temps (not
effected by the greenhouse
effect) and a few other narrow things, and to make up just the right combination of ways of extrapolating from what are actually a relative dearth of samples, in order to come up with this «
record - breaking» system.
So if stations with discontinuous
records in GHCN tend to have a colder absolute
temperature than stations with continuous
records, it will have no real
effect on the
global anomaly as long as the the change in temps over time is unrelated to the baseline temp.
It should be noted that whilst BEST claim no discernible
effect of UHI
on their
record the UK Met Office acknowledges corrections of up to 1.5 C for this, largely to the minimum
temperatures where most
global warming is found.
E.g., research assumes greenhouse gas emissions cause warming without explicitly stating humans are the cause»... carbon sequestration in soil is important for mitigating
global climate change» (4a) No position Does not address or mention the cause of
global warming (4b) Uncertain Expresses position that human's role
on recent
global warming is uncertain / undefined «While the extent of human - induced
global warming is inconclusive...» (5) Implicit rejection Implies humans have had a minimal impact
on global warming without saying so explicitly E.g., proposing a natural mechanism is the main cause of
global warming»... anywhere from a major portion to all of the warming of the 20th century could plausibly result from natural causes according to these results» (6) Explicit rejection without quantification Explicitly minimizes or rejects that humans are causing
global warming»... the
global temperature record provides little support for the catastrophic view of the greenhouse
effect» (7) Explicit rejection with quantification Explicitly states that humans are causing less than half of
global warming «The human contribution to the CO2 content in the atmosphere and the increase in
temperature is negligible in comparison with other sources of carbon dioxide emission»»
On the basis of our results, a 1 °C rise in environmental temperature would account for over 100 000 new diabetes cases per year in the USA alone, given a population of nearly 322 million people in 2015.38 These findings emphasize the importance of future research into the effects of environmental temperature on glucose metabolism and the onset of diabetes, especially in view of the global rise in temperatures with a new record set for the warmest winter in the USA last year.
On the basis of our results, a 1 °C rise in environmental
temperature would account for over 100 000 new diabetes cases per year in the USA alone, given a population of nearly 322 million people in 2015.38 These findings emphasize the importance of future research into the
effects of environmental
temperature on glucose metabolism and the onset of diabetes, especially in view of the global rise in temperatures with a new record set for the warmest winter in the USA last year.
on glucose metabolism and the onset of diabetes, especially in view of the
global rise in
temperatures with a new
record set for the warmest winter in the USA last year.39
Michaels also suggests that
temperatures in 2015, while still being «the highest average surface
temperature in the 160 - year
global history since reliable
records started being available,» had a «de minimis»
effect on the
global economy.
Old positive feedback examples in climate change... «Feedback Loops In
Global Climate Change Point To A Very Hot 21st Century Using deuterium - corrected
temperature records for the ice cores, which yield hemispheric rather than local
temperature conditions, GCM climate sensitivity, and a mathematical formula for quantifying feedback
effects, Torn and Harte calculated the magnitude of the greenhouse gas -
temperature feedback
on temperature.»
These methods include inference of surface
temperature change from vertical
temperature profiles in the ground (bore holes) at many sites around the world, rate of glacier retreat at many locations, and studies by several groups of the
effect of urban and other local human influences
on the
global temperature record.
Via Discovery, New Scientist More Beer & Alcohol Top Green Beer Drinking Tips The Worst
Effect of
Global Warming So Far... 8 College - Town Breweries Producing Great, Green Beer More
on Global Warming Science
Global Ocean
Temperatures Warmest Since
Records Began in 1880 (129 Years Ago!)
The overall
effect on global temperature is small, however (Figure 2.7 c) The five warmest
global optimally averaged years since the beginning of the
record in 1861 all occurred in the 1990s with 1998 having the warmest anomaly (0.55 °C).