As you said it is an extremely small number of differences that you find genetically between humans and chimps, but it is an extremely important one, and what seems to make it so important is that a lot o these differences seem to affect what are in
effect regulatory sequences.
Not exact matches
You would expect to see it in the
regulatory sequences because then the
effect of a small change can be huge because you are affecting the timing and maybe the
sequence of events in development.
Many are probably simply the consequence of 6 million years of genetic drift, with little
effect on body or behavior, whereas other small changes — perhaps in
regulatory, noncoding
sequences — may have dramatic consequences.
The complete genome
sequence has revealed an unusual breadth (in number and in
effect) of DNA inversion events that potentially control expression of many different components, including surface and secreted components,
regulatory molecules, and restriction - modification proteins.
Genome editing technology enables precise modification of individual protein coding genes, as well as noncoding
regulatory sequences, enabling the elucidation of functional
effects in human disease relevant cellular systems.