Not exact matches
- GDP per capita is still lower
than it was before the recession - Earnings and household incomes are far lower in real terms
than they were in 2010 - Five million people earn less
than the Living Wage - George Osborne has failed to balance the Budget by 2015, meaning 40 % of the work must be done in the next parliament - Absolute poverty increased by 300,000 between 2010/11 and 2012/13 - Almost two - thirds of poor children fail to achieve the basics of five GCSEs including English and
maths - Children eligible for free school meals remain far less likely to be school - ready
than their peers - Childcare affordability and availability means many parents struggle to return to work - Poor children are less likely to be taught by the best teachers - The education system is currently going through widespread reform and the full
effects will not be seen for some time - Long - term youth unemployment of over 12 months is nearly double pre-recession levels at around 200,000 - Pay of young people took a severe hit over the recession and is yet to recover - The number of students from state schools and disadvantaged backgrounds going to Russell Group universities has flatlined for a decade
Children born before 34 weeks gestation have poorer reading and
maths skills
than those born at full term, and the difficulties they experience at school continue to have
effects into adulthood: by the age of 42, adults who were born prematurely have lower incomes and are less likely to own their own home
than those born at full term.
There are several possible explanations for the
effects of charter schools being larger in
math than in reading.
Moreover, a 2014 Public Health England report found that the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity students engaged with at 11 years of age had an
effect on academic performance across English,
maths and science, including final GCSE exam results, with active students found to achieve up to 20 per cent higher results
than non ‑ active students.
The results indicate that the
effect of a later start time in both
math and reading is more
than twice as large for students in the bottom third of the test - score distribution
than for students in the top third.
• Duke researchers Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd, and Jacob Vigdor found that being taught by a sub for 10 days per year has a larger
effect on a child's
math scores
than if he'd changed schools, and about half the size of the difference between students from well - to - do and poor families.
than the value of an additional year of experience and that things like teachers» college selectivity, whether they had a
math major, or their prior coursework in
math had no
effect at all.
By way of comparison, the authors note that the impact of being assigned to a teacher in the top - quartile rather
than one in the bottom quartile in terms of their total
effect on student achievement as measured by student - test - based measures of teacher effectiveness is seven percentile points in reading and six points in
math.
Given the underrepresentation of students who enter during early grades, this difference suggests that the average
effects of attending a charter school across all grades, 4 through 8, may be less negative
than indicated by our final analysis, at least for
math.
The Duke researchers found that being taught by a sub for 10 days a year has a larger
effect on a child's
math score
than if he'd changed schools, and about half the size of the
effect of poverty.
A 2012 Brookings study by Russ Whitehurst and Matt Chingos demonstrated that the «
effect size» of choosing a better second - grade
math curriculum was larger
than replacing a fiftieth - percentile teacher with a seventy - fifth - percentile teacher.
This praise can have significant
effects upon students: citing longtitudinal studies with Year 7
maths students, Dweck has shown how students with a growth mindset are far more likely to take on more challenging work and succeed at it
than students with a fixed mindset - even if all other factors remain the same.
Now, look back up at urban charter
effects and you'll see the three year results in
math are about at the floor of what the SIG study could detect, and the results in reading are much lower
than what the SIG study could detect (the SIG study also tracked children for 3 years).
Overall, the
effects of teachers» educational levels were larger in science
than in
math.
The only difference between the results for
math and science is that the
effects of standardization seem to be more positive in
math than in science.
The estimated
effects of the private school share on student achievement are somewhat smaller in science and reading
than in
math, but they remain substantial, positive, and statistically significant (see Figure 2).
Among student subgroups, the study also finds that «grade configuration has a larger
effect on the
math scores of traditionally disadvantaged subgroups
than on other students.
Getting into a charter school doubled the likelihood of enrolling in Advanced Placement classes (the
effects are much bigger for
math and science
than for English) and also doubled the chances that a student will score high enough on standardized tests to be eligible for state - financed college scholarships.
But once the data are adjusted for the
effects of the key background characteristics identified above, black students appear to lose much more ground
than they do in the raw averages, falling 0.16 standard deviations in
math and 0.19 standard deviations in reading relative to white students (see Figure 1).
Thus adjusting the data for the
effects of socioeconomic status reduces the estimated racial gaps in test scores by more
than 40 percent in
math and more
than 66 percent in reading.
In Tulsa, Oklahoma, New Jersey, and Boston, pre-kindergarten programs demonstrate impressive outcomes that include positive
effects on
math scores, grade retention, and chronic absenteeism at the end of grade 8; increased achievement on language arts, literacy,
math, and science, as well as decreased grade retention and special education placement at the end of grade 5; and stronger
than typical impacts on academic readiness (
effect sizes in the 0.4 — 0.6 range) at school entry.
Interventions have had stronger
effects on
math achievement
than on reading comprehension.
We found that the positive
effects of higher grading standards were restricted to those students who were no more
than 0.8 and 0.9 standard deviation below the average score in reading and
math, respectively.
This is consistent with a number of studies that show larger
effects in
math than in reading, presumably because reading achievement is more strongly influenced by family and other factors besides schooling.
Similarly, English teachers in Miami - Dade County Public Schools demonstrate a persistent
effect on
math that is 46 percent as large as their
effect on English, while
math teachers in the district have a persistent
effect on English that is less
than five percent as large as their persistent
effect on
math.
Data from New York City show that English teachers» persistent
effect on
math is 70 percent of their persistence
effect on English, while
math teachers» persistent
effect on English is less
than 5 percent of their persistent
effect on
math (see the following figure).
While the
effects that
math and English teachers have on students» test scores in the year that they have them similarly persists in their own subject in subsequent years, the gains in English scores due to English teachers have far greater
effects on students» subsequent
math performance
than the gains in
math scores due to
math teachers have on students» subsequent English performance.
Most of the researchers examining the
effects of teachers on student test performance have concluded that
math teachers have a greater
effect on students» performance on
math exams
than English language arts teachers have on students» performance on English exams.
It appears that the
effects were somewhat larger for
math than for reading.
Grade configuration has a larger
effect on the
math scores of traditionally disadvantaged subgroups
than on other students.
Whether these estimates should be zero or not is unclear ex ante because there could be curriculum spillover
effects, but at most they should be smaller
than the
math effects.
A 2017 multi-state review of voucher programs by Carnoy with the Economic Policy Institute found that students in voucher programs scored significantly lower
than traditional public school students on reading and
math tests and found no significant
effect of vouchers leading to improved public school performance.
While general motivation toward school (as measured by attendance and punctuality) also had a direct
effect on
math achievement, it was smaller
than that of
math attitude.
This manuscript includes a brief review of research findings suggesting that providing students with worked out examples is more effective
than the conventional
math instruction method a discussion of the probable reasons for this
effect comments on what this body of research suggests for teaching today's
math students, with specific consideration of a recently developed
math - learning resource.
A 2011 study of the
effects of teacher turnover on the performance over five years of more
than 600,000 fourth - and fifth - graders in New York City found that students who experienced higher teacher turnover scored lower in
math and English on standardized tests — and this was «particularly strong in schools with more low - performing and black students.»
The Advocate Guest column: School choice data doesn't reflect classroom reality As school choice continues to gain support, we must broaden the conversation about effectiveness to include more
than scores, and we must seek access to more data that can help us determine not just how students are performing in
math and reading, but what
effect expanding educational options has on them beyond graduation.
A recent study of the Texas program, which enrolls more
than 224,000 children, looked at the
effects of the program by third grade and concluded that it had a «substantially meaningful» impact, and that children who attended saw increased scores in
math and reading and decreases in grade retention and special education services.
and for
math, being homeschooled had an
effect size of about 23 percentile points higher
than if public schooled (z - score of.60).
They conclude that a teacher's experience, test scores and regular licensure all have positive
effects on student achievement, with larger
effects for
math than for reading.
The study nds negative
effects that are greater in
math than in English language arts.
A 2011 paper that investigated the
effects of tutoring provided by teachers found that students who received tutoring in either reading or
math performed significantly better on the state standardized test
than a control group of students with similar prior scores who did not receive tutoring.19 Even when programs are less structured and instruction is not provided by trained teachers, tutoring can have a notable
effect on student performance.
A side
effect of the adjustments in scoring is that on 5 of the 12
math and English tests this year, a student had a better -
than - even chance of earning a Level 2 mark — a failing grade that reflects «partially meeting learning standards» — simply by guessing.
But your understanding is almost certainly not better
than many commenters here and even more unlikely to be superior to that of a mathematician like Lewis who can actually work the
math in the models and understands the
effect that the fudgeable parameter EOD has on model runs.
As he watches these difficulties, Ralph Keeling contemplates the unbending
math of carbon dioxide emissions first documented by his father more
than a half - century ago and wonders about the future
effects of that increase.
Peer - reviewed research, physics, and
math all tell us that a grand solar minimum would have no more
than a 0.3 °C cooling
effect, barely enough to put a dent in human - caused global warming.
But the
math (according to many more qualified folk
than I) doesn't support that; though waste heat can be detectable in some UHI measurements, the
effect is too small to have a real impact on any but local scales.
A recent study of the Texas program, which enrolls more
than 224,000 children, looked at the
effects of the program by third grade and concluded that it had a «substantially meaningful» impact, and that children who attended saw increased scores in
math and reading and decreases in grade retention and special education services.