The Effectiveness of Interventions for Parents of Children with Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review — Lisa Kidd and Kerri McPherson
In April 2012, NICE announced that, following a topic referral from the Department of Health, people working in health, youth and criminal justice, education and social care sectors would be given NICE guidance on the effectiveness and cost
effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and early treatment of mental health problems of offenders.
This represents a rare opportunity for organisations, funders and schools to gain a better understanding of
the effectiveness of an intervention for vulnerable young people through a large - scale outcome evaluation.
A recent study evaluated
the effectiveness of an intervention for anxiety disorders and comorbid aggression (Levy et al. 2007).
Not exact matches
Another multi-stakeholder initiative known as ReFED has recently released an important piece
of analysis, which demonstrates the cost
effectiveness of 27 key technical
interventions in food waste reduction, recovery, and recycling, and which serves as a data - driven guide
for businesses, government, funders, and nonprofits to collectively reduce food waste at scale.
The Jamaica experiment makes a strong economic case
for the potential
effectiveness of some kind
of home - visiting
intervention with disadvantaged parents.
Outcomes
of Parenting
Interventions for Child Conduct Problems: A Review
of Differential
Effectiveness.
One
of these countries is the UK, which has one
of the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe, 2 with rates conspicuously below those
of Scandinavian countries; only 22 %
of UK infants receive any breast milk at age 6 months3 compared with 72 % in Sweden.4 Although a number
of interventions have been introduced and targets set5 — 8 to increase rates
of breastfeeding initiation and duration in the UK, evidence
for their
effectiveness is limited.
To examine the
effectiveness of different modes
of offering similar supportive
interventions (
for example, whether the support offered was proactive or reactive, face - to - face or over the telephone), and whether
interventions containing both antenatal and postnatal elements were more effective than those taking place in the postnatal period alone.
Studies
of home visiting's
effectiveness as an
intervention designed to prevent child maltreatment demonstrate some promise, but compared to the number
of studies conducted that measure child maltreatment, risk
for maltreatment, or protective factors, there are far more findings
of no effects than reductions in maltreatment and improvements in child and family well - being.
This includes work with with Member States to strengthen the availability and quality
of data on preterm births, and testing
effectiveness and delivery approaches
for interventions to prevent preterm birth and provide the best possible care
for babies that are born preterm.
working with partners around the world to conduct research into the causes
of preterm birth, and test
effectiveness and delivery approaches
for interventions to prevent preterm birth and treat babies that are born preterm;
A systematic review
of existing reviews
of the
effectiveness of parent training
for conduct disorder that were judged to be
of high quality using a recognised checklist [11] suggested that parenting programmes are an effective
intervention for children with behaviour problems.
Future research should include further evaluations
of successful
interventions, with an emphasis on determining the optimal timeframe
for the provision
of support, the effect
of educating women's family members, and the impact on infant health care use and cost -
effectiveness.
The two papers in this Series will describe past and current global trends
of breastfeeding, its short and long - term health consequences
for the mother and child, the impact
of investment in breastfeeding, and the determinants
of breastfeeding and the
effectiveness of promotion
interventions.
For cessation of any breastfeeding at up to six months, there is no evidence of a difference in the effectiveness of the intervention according to the background breastfeeding rate (test for subgroup differences: Chi ² = 0.56, df = 2 (P = 0.76), I ² = 0 %; Analysis 5.
For cessation
of any breastfeeding at up to six months, there is no evidence
of a difference in the
effectiveness of the
intervention according to the background breastfeeding rate (test
for subgroup differences: Chi ² = 0.56, df = 2 (P = 0.76), I ² = 0 %; Analysis 5.
for subgroup differences: Chi ² = 0.56, df = 2 (P = 0.76), I ² = 0 %; Analysis 5.1).
At a recent hearing, New York City Council members discussed the
effectiveness of NYPD responses to «emotionally disturbed person» (EDP) calls, the slow pace
of implementation
for new NYPD crisis
intervention training, and the tragic outcomes
of several recent interactions between NYPD officers and emotionally disturbed individuals.
To guide the spending
of that money, the National Institute
of Medicine made a priority list
of situations
for which data about outcomes are badly needed —
for instance, comparing the
effectiveness of various medical and behavioral
interventions to prevent the elderly from falling (the complications
of which are a leading cause
of death), comparing assorted drugs and surgeries alone or in combination in the treatment
of specific cancers, comparing the
effectiveness of different implants and devices
for treating hearing loss, and so forth.
He also wants to know whether changes in BDNF levels over time can be a proxy
for recovery and if they could be used to gauge the
effectiveness of an
intervention.
Tina Hernandez - Boussard, Ph.D.,
of Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and colleagues conducted a review and meta - analysis to evaluate the
effectiveness of commonly used drug - free
interventions for pain management after TKA.
Using Twitter as a window into a community's collective mental state may provide a useful tool in epidemiology and
for measuring the
effectiveness of public - health
interventions.
«In a time
of increasing concern about overtreatment, the risk - benefit ratio
of bilateral mastectomy warrants careful consideration and raises the larger question
of how physicians and society should respond to a patient's preference
for a morbid, costly
intervention of dubious
effectiveness,» the authors write.
Improved detection and surgery
for congenital abnormalities, better medical care during pregnancy and childbirth, and more research on
effectiveness of injury
interventions could help improve survival in these countries.
The authors have previously reported the
effectiveness of the two
interventions, Healthy Activity Programme (HAP) and Counselling
for Alcohol Problems (CAP), at 3 months; however, the longer - term benefits
of the
interventions were previously unknown.
These effects are most relevant to policy makers keen to show the
effectiveness of their
interventions... Future work can assess the impact
of SSB taxes on chronic diseases that would materialise later in time, such as heart disease, stroke, low back pain, and osteoarthritis, which would further strengthen the case
for the SSB tax.
The researchers also determined a hierarchy
of effectiveness versus cost
for these
intervention strategies.
In a review
of existing literature, Marteau did find descriptions
of nudging being used to improve health behaviors — one study reports a 70 % increase in the amount
of fruit bought by school children at lunchtime after fruit was placed by the cash register — but these
interventions have not been evaluated on a large scale or assessed
for cost -
effectiveness.
Improving the
effectiveness of this naturally occurring mechanism, by increasing,
for example, the rate
of vesicle formation, may indeed encourage bile elimination from the blocked duct so as to avoid long - term liver damage and increase the
effectiveness of surgical
intervention.
«Long - term
effectiveness of family - level
intervention for U.S.military children, families affected by wartime deployments.»
Understanding that early
intervention and prevention efforts require evidence - based approaches to individual care, NIMH supports research that evaluates the
effectiveness of psychosocial and other
interventions for mental illnesses.
Dr. Carothers has written a number
of manuscripts
for publication, including research on the
effectiveness of mentoring
interventions across multiple contexts, and she has presented research on stress and coping
for urban children and adolescents at professional conferences including the Society
for Research on Adolescence and the American Academy
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Long - term
effectiveness of diet - plus - exercise
interventions vs. diet - only
interventions for weight loss: a meta - analysis.
This analysis did not attempt to account
for the vast cost reductions
of potentially avoided
interventions, including cesareans and their complications, which would make the case
for the cost -
effectiveness of midwifery - led care in Washington State even stronger.
In their paper published in Frontiers in Immunology, British researchers noted that, «There is considerable evidence
for the
effectiveness of mind - body
interventions in improving mental and physical health, but the molecular mechanisms
of these benefits remain poorly understood.»
Long - term
effectiveness of diet - plus - exercise
interventions vs. diet - only
interventions for weight loss: a meta - analysis: obesity Management.
K. Dunleavy, K. Kava, A. Goldberg, M.H. Malek, S.A. Talley, V. Tutag - Lehr, J. Hildreth, Comparative
effectiveness of pilates and yoga group exercise
interventions for chronic mechanical neck pain: quasi-randomized parallel controlled study, Physiotherapy (2015)(Epub ahead
of print).
A review
of the nature and
effectiveness of nutrition
interventions in adult males — a guide
for intervention strategies.
Very few
interventions testing
effectiveness of whole pulses
for weight loss during intentional caloric restriction have been published (Table 4).
According to research presented at the International Congress
for School
Effectiveness and Improvement in January 2011 (PDF, 168KB), «No other factor contributed to the change in student's achievement further than the
intervention of DI.»
This information can be used to identify starting points
for action (
for example, what students are ready to learn next), to monitor learning progress over time, and to evaluate the
effectiveness of educational
interventions and initiatives.
As importantly, it appears that existing survey - based measures
of non-cognitive skills, although perhaps useful
for making comparisons among students within the same educational environment, are inadequate to gauge the
effectiveness of schools, teachers, or
interventions in cultivating the development
of those skills.
All these tests provide valuable data that teachers can use to establish where students are in their long - term learning, diagnose individual strengths and weaknesses, identify the best next steps
for action, decide on appropriate evidence - based
interventions, monitor the progress students make over time, and evaluate the
effectiveness of their own teaching decisions and approaches.
A quasi-experimental repeated - measures design examined the
effectiveness of (a) peer feedback
for learning, more specifically, certain characteristics
of the content and style
of the provided feedback, and (b) a particular instructional
intervention to support the use
of the feedback.
A 2005 NCREL report draft (which we received special permission to cite
for this article) finds «new evidence supporting the apparent
effectiveness of online programs and schools and generally demonstrating the potential
of online learning as a promising instructional
intervention that can, when implemented judiciously, and with attention to «evidence - based» practices, apparently improve student academic performance.»
In relation to safeguarding,
for example, Impero Insight enables staff to identify increases in concerning behaviour, evaluate the
effectiveness of interventions, and inform the relevant staff members, to help ensure at - risk students are supported quickly.
How to evaluate the
effectiveness of instruction and
intervention at each
of the three tiers as well as
for specially designed or special education instruction
Examples include: to focus a team when establishing its behavioural norms; in circumstances where trust has been eroded; when wanting all parties to understand the reciprocal nature
of trust; to focus on a single fundamental principle
for school or team
effectiveness; to gain or give feedback; as the basis on which an
intervention might be planned.
In that role he championed the use
of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the
effectiveness of educational policies and
interventions, which was a huge improvement in rigor
for US ED - funded projects.
In return
for this flexibility, states participating in the pilot must commit to: build their capacity
for school reform; take the most significant actions
for the lowest - performing schools, including addressing the issue
of teacher
effectiveness; and use data to determine the method
of differentiation and categories
of intervention.
We heard similar criticisms about the
effectiveness of state support - system
interventions for low - performing schools in one
of our large, high - poverty, low - performing urban school districts — where (again) the district developed no plan
for systematic
intervention to ameliorate the problem.